Effects Of Different Nitrogen,phosphorus And Potassium Fertilization On Growth Physiology And Quality Of Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz.

Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz.is a perennial herb of Atractylodes macrocephala of Asteraceae,which has high medicinal value and a large market demand.It is one of the major medicinal materials in China.This test used atractylodes seed and annual atractylodes rhizome as breeding material,and used the NPK three factors and three levels test design,to explore the influence of growth and physiological,accumulation of mineral elements,yield and quality of atractylodes under different proportion of NPK fertilizer,so as to screen out suitable NPK ratio of planting atractylodes,The results are as follows:1.Compared with no fertilizer treatment,N₃P₃K₂（N:172 kg/ha,P₂O₅:180 kg/ha,K₂O:156 kg/ha）significantly increased plant height,stem diameter,branch number,leaf number,flower bud number,root diameter,root length and biomass of annual Atractylodes macrocephala.N₃P₁K₃（N:310 kg/ha,P₂O₅:108 kg/ha,K₂O:351 kg/ha）significantly increased plant height,stem diameter,branch number,leaf number,flower bud number,root diameter and biomass of biennial Atractylodes macrocephala,but had no significant effect on root length.Correlation analysis showed that the root and stem yield of atractylodes was positively correlated with plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,root length,root diameter,root fresh weight and leaf fresh weight,and negatively correlated with branch number and bud number2.Annual atractylodes macrocephala showed the best effect under N₃P₃K₂treatment,compared with the treatment without fertilization,the total chlorophyll content,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content increased by 86.87%,67.25%and80.23%,respectively.The net photosynthetic rate of leaves remained between 10.55and 12.98μmol（CO₂）·m^-2·s^-1,light saturation point and maximum net photosynthetic rate increased 46.82μmol（CO₂）·m^-2·s^-1and 2.30μmol（CO₂）·m^-2·s^-1,respectively.The light compensation point decreased by 10.50μmol·m^-2·s^-1,but had little effect on the apparent quantum efficiency and dark respiration rate.N₃P₁K₃treatment had the best promoting effect on the total chlorophyll content,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content of the biennial atractylodes macrocephala leaves,which increased by 70.31%,60.92%and 67.21%compared with that without fertilization,respectively.The net photosynthetic rate of the leaves remained between 9.70 and 12.72μmol（CO₂）·m^-2·s^-1.The apparent quantum efficiency and light saturation point increased by 0.027μmol·mol and 247.105μmol·m^-2·s^-1,respectively,and the light compensation point decreased by 7.627μmol·m^-2·s^-1,which had no significant effect on the maximum net photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate.3.N₃P₃K₂significantly increased POD and CAT activities of annual atractylodes macrocephala leaves,but had little effect on SOD activity and MDA content.From May to August,the content of soluble sugar in roots and buds of annual atractylodes increased gradually,while the content of soluble sugar in stems and leaves increased first and then decreased.Compared with unfertilized treatment,N₃P₃K₂significantly increased the soluble sugar content in roots,and decreased the soluble sugar content in stems,leaves and buds.N₃P₁K₃decreased the SOD activity of biennial atractylodes macrocephala leaves from May to July,but increased the SOD activity of biennial atractylodes macrocephala leaves from August to September.N₃P₁K₃significantly increased POD activity in leaves in June,August and October,but had little effect on POD activity in leaves in May,July and September.N₃P₁K₃significantly increased CAT activity in leaves of biennial Atractylodes from June to September,but had no significant effect on MDA content in leaves from May to September.Compared with unfertilized treatment,N₃P₁K₃significantly increased the soluble sugar content in roots,and decreased the soluble sugar content in stems,leaves and buds.4.Combined application of N,P and K significantly increased the accumulation of N,K,P,Mg and Na elements in Atractylodes macrocephala.N₃P₃K₂has the best promoting effect on annual atractylodes macrocephala,the accumulation of N,K,P,Mg and Na increased by 177.72 mg/g,175.12 mg/g,364.61 mg/g,63.07 mg/g and15.31 mg/g,respectively,compared with that without fertilization.Under N₃P₁K₃treatment,the accumulation of N,K,P,Mg and Na increased by 513.48 mg/g,335.26mg/g,392.17 mg/g,202.92 mg/g and 118.27 mg/g,respectively,compared with that without fertilization.5.Under N₃P₁K₃treatment,the contents of alcohol-soluble extract,atractylodes olactoneⅠ,atractylodes olactoneⅡand atractylodes olactoneⅢin the roots of the biannual atractylodes were increased by 39.98%,0.14%,0.18%and 0.45%,respectively,and the water content was decreased by 11.31%compared with that without fertilization.The effect of NPK fertilizer on atractylodes olactone content was as follows:N>k>P.The subordinate function value showed that the comprehensive effect of annual atractylodes macrocephala rhizome under N₃P₃K₂treatment was the best,and its yield increased by 956.22 kg/ha compared with that without fertilization.The yield of the rhizome of atractylodes macrocephala under N₃P₁K₃treatment was the highest,which increased by 4126.80 kg/ha compared with that without fertilization.Thirteen indexes of annual atractylodes and nineteen indexes of biennial atractylodes were comprehensively analyzed by membership function,and then appropriate fertilizer recommended amount of N:172 kg/ha,P₂O₅:180 kg/ha,K₂O:234 kg/ha and N:310 kg/ha,P₂O₅:108 kg/ha,K₂O:351 kg/ha be got in this experiment under the condition of cultivation of annual and biennial atractylodes,respectively.