Difference Analysis Of Hematological Indexes And Rumen Bacteria Of Cattle In The Hottest And Coldest Seasons In Dabie Mountains

Objective to study the hematological indexes,hormone levels,p H value of rumen fluid and microbial diversity of rumen fluid of cattle in the hottest and coldest season under humid conditions in southern China,so as to provide physiological basis for feeding management and disease prevention and control of cattle in summer and winter.In this experiment,6 Dabie cows,6 Dabie bulls and 6 Simmental crossbred bulls are randomly selected.Dabie cows are in groupⅠ,Dabie bulls in groupⅡand Simmental crossbred bulls in groupⅢ.The samples of jugular blood and rumen fluid are collected in the hottest season and the coldest season.It can be used for the analysis of blood routine index,serum biochemical and immunological indexes,serum hormone level,rumen fluid p H value and rumen fluid microbial diversity.The results are as follows:（1）Blood routine index In the coldest season,the number of white blood cells,lymphocytes,monocytes and neutrophils of the three groups are significantly higher than those in the hottest season.Meanwhile,the white blood cell count of Simmental crossbred is higher than that of Dabie cows and significantly higher than that of Dabie bulls（P<0.05）.（2）Serum biochemical indexes In the hottest season,the serum UREA of Dabie cows is extremely significant higher than that of Dabie bulls（P<0.01）,the serum TC of Dabie cows and bulls are extremely significant higher than that of Simmental crossbred（P<0.01）,the serum TG of Dabie cows is significantly higher than that of Dabie bulls（P<0.05）and extremely significant higher than that of Simmental crossbred bulls（P<0.01）.In the coldest season,the serum UREA of Dabie cows is significantly higher than that of Dabie bulls（P<0.05）and extremely significant higher than that of Simmental crossbred bulls（P<0.01）.The serum TG of Dabie cows is significantly higher than that of Dabie bulls and Simmental crossbred bulls（P<0.05）,and the serum TP of Dabie bulls is significantly higher than that of Dabie cows and Simmental crossbred bulls（P<0.05）.（3）Serum immunological indexes Three groups are compared in the hottest season,the levels of IL-2 and IL-1βin Dabie cows are the highest,and the level of IL-2 is significantly higher than that in Dabie bulls（P<0.05）,the levels of TNF-α,Ig G and Ig A in Dabie bulls are the highest,Ig M in Simmental crossbred bulls is the highest.In the coldest season,the levels of TNF-α,IL-2,Ig G and Ig A of Dabie cows are the highest,and the levels of IL-1βand Ig M of Simmental crossbred bulls are the highest in the 3 groups.（4）Serum hormone level Three groups are compared in the hottest season,the T₄ and INS levels of Dabie cows are the highest,the GH level of Dabie bulls is the highest,the T₃level of Simmental crossbred bulls is the highest.In the coldest season,the T₃ and GH levels of Dabie cows are the highest,and the T₄ and INS levels of Dabie bulls are the highest.（5）Rumen fluid p H value In the hottest season,There is no significant difference in rumen fluid p H among the groups（P>0.05）;in the coldest season,there is significantly difference in rumen fluid p H of Dabie bulls and Simmental crossbred bulls（P<0.05）.Compared with the hottest season,the rumen fluid p H value of Simmental crossbred bulls declines obviously in the coldest season.（6）Rumen fluid microorganism In the hottest season and the coldest season,the rumen microbial species of Simmental crossbred are relatively more abundant;Prevotella is the dominant bacteria at the genus level,and unclassified rumen bacteria accounts for the highest proportion at the genus level.There are differences in rumen microbial structure between genders and breeds.In this paper,the genera with gender difference in rumen microbial structure are Succiniclasticum,Fibrobacter,Bacteroides and Ruminococcus in the hottest season,Ruminococcus and Saccharibacteria in the coldest season,but the differences are not significant（P>0.05）;the genera with breed difference in rumen microbial structure are Succiniclasticum,Ruminococcus and Fibrobacter.In the hottest season,the relative abundance of Ruminococcus of Simmental crossbred is significantly higher than that of Dabie cattle（P<0.05）.In the coldest season,the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum of Simmental crossbred is lower than that of Dabie cattle and significantly lower than that of Dabie bulls（P<0.05）.In conclusion,the effects of cold and hot climate on cattle are different among different breeds and genders.