The Research Of The Hunan Education Association In Early Republic Of China(1912-1928)

After the boxer rebellion,the Qing government began a large-scale educational reform at the beginning of the 20 th century in order to train new talents needed by the New Deal.In order to promote the development of the local new education,the gentry of Hunan province established the Hunan Education Association in 1906 to organize and lead the academic affairs,and to escort the modernization of Hunan education.After the establishment of Hunan Education Association,it has constantly improved its organizational structure,and absorbed people from the whole province who are committed to education to join the association,forming an influential civil society organization.Since its establishment,Hunan Education Association has experienced three periods of chairman system,director system and committee member system.In terms of membership,Hunan Education Association is composed of staff and members.There are two types of staff,namely,councilors and officers.The councilors are responsible for the deliberation and decision-making of the affairs of the education association.The officers are responsible for the daily work of the education association and the normal operation of the education association.Hunan Education Association also established Hunan Education Journal as its periodical from 1912 to 1925 to promote new education modes and ideas.In the early years of the republic of China,Hunan Education Association organized various educational seminars and summer schools,and advocated the reform of the school system,to fight for educational funds for schools,and invited domestic and foreign celebrities to give lectures in Hunan.This series of activities not only promoted the dissemination of new educational thoughts in the province,promoted the modernization of education in Hunan province,but also greatly increased the influence of the provincial education association in Hunan education circle.Under the background of warlord warfare and weakened functions of educational administrative organs,which were not enough to support the development of education in the whole province,the provincial education association used this influence to exercise the functions of some educational administrative organs,to command the affairs of Hunan province through proposals and publicopinions,and to promote the development of education in the whole province.However,despite this,Hunan Education Association has not completely replaced the position and role of the educational administrative agency,and it only has the right to make recommendations to the government,without the right to make decisions.After the political situation was stable and the government strengthened its control over local affairs,the provincial education association was subject to the jurisdiction of the administrative organs,and its position was also biased towards the government.Its vitality was greatly weakened,and it became an extension of the relevant governmental organs implementing the decrees and resolutions.