| The complement structure is a unique structure in Chinese.Its appearance makes the expression of Chinese more precise.In addition,the complexity of the above complement structure makes it necessary to study the complement structure.This article is a special topic of the book,and chooses "Tang Xianzu Opera Collection" as the corpus to study the narrative complement structure of the Ming Dynasty.There are very few studies on the predicative structure in the late Ming Dynasty,and this period actually played an important role in grasping the development of the entire Chinese history.The choice of corpus is also focused on scripts and novels.Tang Xianzu’s language is very colloquial.The system of singing and Dao Bai uses vernacular text,which can be used as a corpus for studying the history of Chinese.In the research method,the literature method,the combination of description and measurement,and the diachronic comparison method are used for research.In the corpus,the Ming Dynasty "Tang Xianzu Opera Collection" and the Song Dynasty’s "Xiang Xieyuan" in the same theme were selected for analysis and comparison.This article divides the predicative structure into: verb-conjunctive,verb-tendative,result complement with "得",possible complement with "得",and state complement with "得".Description and analysis.In addition,compared with Zhang Xie’s No.1 Scholar of the same theme in the Southern Song Dynasty,it summarized the characteristics of the development of the narrative complement structure to the Ming Dynasty.The main contents of this article are:The preface includes the reasons for choosing the topic,the review of the research,the version of the corpus,the nature,the reason for the research,the research methods,and the classification and symbols used in this article.The first chapter discusses the dynamic-complementary structure.The syntactic level is mainly analyzed from the types of complements,which are divided into three aspects: the complements are verbs,adjectives,and words with blurred meanings.Complements are the majority of verbs and blurred meanings,of which VC and VCO The two categories are the most use cases.The dynamic knot form in "Tang Xianzu Opera Collection" is very rich and mature.Most of the predicates are verbs,and there are more cases with objects than without objects.If there is no object after the verb-knot,the verb-knot enters the subject sentence and the agent sentence.In addition,it can also be seen that the dynamic knot type is closely combined with the disposal type and passive type.For the VOC form,only one case was found in the corpus.It can still be seen that the verb structure developed to the Ming Dynasty,the predicate and the complement were closely integrated,and the VOC form gradually disappeared.At the semantic level,the semantics of complements mostly point to verbs,followed by affair.The second chapter discusses the dynamic verb-complement structure and divides it into the trend-complement-complement structure,the trend-complement-complement structure,and the trend-status-complement structure for analysis.There are many forms of the verb-complement structure,in which the combination with the disposition,passive sentence,and causative sentence is also found.The predicate-complement structure tends to form,and the predicate acts as ordinary verbs,with more objects than those without objects.There are also use cases that combine dispositional,passive,and causative sentences in the tendentative-complementary structure.Tendency predicative structure forms are mainly object-oriented and non-object-oriented,and the predicate can be served by ordinary verbs and tendency verbs.At the semantic level,the semantics of the tendent statement-complementary complements refer to the act or the agent;the semantics of the complementer-complementary complements refer to the action or the subject;the semantics of the trend-complementary complements indicate the action.The third chapter discusses the result complement with "get".The affirmative structure is more than the negative structure,showing an unbalanced development trend,"V get O" has the advantage.The semantics of "得" is still real,indicating the result issued after the action.Among them,the special "V" in O has two usages,one is the usage of reserved quantifiers,and the other is the quantification of quantifiers into structural auxiliary words.At the semantic level,the majority of complements refer to semantic verbs and less to agents.Chapter 4 discusses possible complements with "得".Negative structure is more than affirmative structure,the predicate is mostly played by common verbs,and the complement is made by common verbs and tendency verbs.The form "V 不 C" occupies a large proportion,and the complement can be played by trending verbs and ordinary verbs.A large number of complements have entered into the interrogative sentence,which indicates the inquiry about the possibility of action and behavior,and the interrogative mark is mostly "how".At the semantic level,the semantics of complements mostly point to verbs,and less to subjects and agents.Chapter 5 discusses the state complement with "得".There are more affirmative structures than negative structures,and "V 得 C" has an absolute advantage.Complements are played by nature adjectives,and predicates are verbs.The second is the form of “V 得 OC”,which indicates the state of the object after the action is issued.The object can be a noun or a nominal phrase.At the complement level,most of the semantics of the complement refer to verbs and to the subject,and the form is mainly in the form of "V 得 OC".The sixth chapter is the difference between the description structure of "Tang Xianzu Opera Collection" and "Zhang Xie Number One".First,according to the research model of "Tang Xianzu Opera Collection",from the syntactic and semantic level,the description and complement structure involved in "Zhang Xie Zhuangyuan" is described and analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows: the verb-sentence structure is relatively simple,and the ones that are used frequently are the meanings of the complement.The most frequently used dynamic trends are the supplementary structures for the trending side,and the trending and trending structures are less used.With the result complement of "得","V 得 O" is the mainstream form,and the affirmative structure uses more than the negative structure.The possible complements with "得",the mainstream forms are "V 得 O" and "V 不",the predicate is played by verbs,and the negative structure is more than the positive structure.The state complements with "得",the mainstream forms are "V 得 C" and "V 得 OC",most of the complements are played by nature adjectives,affirmative structure is more than negative structure.At the diachronic level,the verb-complement structure describes the complement structure.In the "Tang Xianzu Opera Collection",the complement is blurred,and it is still the mainstream form,which follows the development trend of the Southern Song Dynasty.The forms of verbs are more abundant.For complements that are verbs,those with objects are more than those without objects,showing the opposite trend to the Southern Song Dynasty.In the "Zhang Xie Zhuang Yuan",no "VOC" form was found,nor The discovery of the "V C" form indicates that the "V C" has not yet been produced in the Song Dynasty.In "Zhang Xie Zhuangyuan",there are very few use cases of verb-conjunctive,dispositional and passive sentences.However,when it was developed in the late Ming Dynasty,the combination of dispositional and passive sentences became more and more tight.The trend-complementing structure,the trend-complementing structure in "Zhang Xie Zhuangyuan" is the mainstream form.In the late Ming Dynasty,the use of the supplementary structure tended to be more developed,and the use cases were more than that of the supplementary structure.The frequency of use of trending replenishment replenishment structure is also increasing.The form of "VCOC" in "Zhang Xie Zhuangyuan" was not found in "Tang Xianzu Opera Collection".The tendency to describe the complement structure in the Southern Song Dynasty was more object-free than object-free,and it developed to the late Ming Dynasty.The frequency of use is equivalent.In "Zhang Xie Zhuangyuan",there are no use cases combined with disposition,but there are in "Tang Xianzu Opera Collection",which shows that the development of the trend type to the late Ming Dynasty and the combination of related sentences are more and more.The result complement with"得"has no difference in form.It is still more affirmative structure than negative structure."V得O"is the most frequently used form.It still follows the trend of Southern Song Dynasty with object more than without object.development of.In"Zhang Xie Zhuangyuan","V得个O"still retains the usage of quantifiers,and has not yet developed the usage of quantification as structural auxiliary words;in"Tang Xianzu Opera Collection",it has developed the quantization as structural auxiliary words usage.Compared with the Southern Song Dynasty,the possible complements with "de" have more "V de CO" and "V not CO" forms,and still retain the trend of more negative structures than positive ones.The "V not O" form is also gradually decreasing."VO may not" also showed a decreasing trend.The state complement with "得" developed from the Southern Song Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty.The structure has been very stable without much change.It still retains the characteristics of "V 得 C" as the dominant form.In addition,for the possible complements and state complements with "得",in the "Tang Xianzu Opera Collection",there are mixed use of "得" and "的",but not in the Southern Song Dynasty.The conclusion part explains the researched conclusions.The Shubu structure developed from the Southern Song Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty,inherited the Song and Yuan Dynasties,and continued to the Qing Dynasty to develop its own characteristics. |
