Research On Ernst Bloch’s Utopian Thought Of Art

As one of the most influential German philosophers in the twentieth century,Bloch has always been famous for his "Hope Philosophy" and "Utopian Thought".The "Utopian Thinker" has always been Bloch’s most distinctive symbol.He included a variety of human activities and phenomena as the object of philosophical research,covering all aspects of social life,including geographic utopia,technological utopia,philosophical utopia and artistic utopia.Among them,art occupies a central position in his utopian philosophy.The research and discussion of the philosophical issue of art utopia can be seen in his theoretical works and many discussion articles on literary,artistic and aesthetic issues,and become an important pillar supporting his all-encompassing philosophy system.Bloch regards art as the manifestation of utopian consciousness and the symbol of the unformed reality,and integrates literary and artistic works into the objects and intermediaries of creative works,which vividly and intuitively expresses the fundamental theme of his philosophy of hope.Therefore,art has become the necessary bridge for us to reach Bloch’s utopian thought and the philosophy of hope.In Bloch’s artistic utopian thought,the unformed reality is not an empty,abstract fantasy about the future society and reality,but a prefetching of the future,which is on the extended line of the current reality,which is the possibility of reality.Therefore,this article attempts to comprehensively analyze and summarize Bloch’s artistic utopia thought through close reading of his philosophical works.This article is divided into four chapters for specific research and discussion:The first chapter is the origin of Bloch’s artistic utopia thought.The beginning of the chapter clarifies the relationship between his hope philosophy and artistic utopian thought,and then takes Mohr’s utopian thought as the axis,traces it forward to ancient Greece,and locates it in the post-modern world.Through the tracing of the origin of art utopia thought in different historical stages,it analyzes the different connotations of artistic utopia thought longitudinally.Then,through the method of comparative analysis,from the perspective of diachronic and synchronicity,the core connotation of Bloch’s art utopia thought was defined concretely,and the uniqueness of Bloch’s art utopia thought was summarized and put into specific historical and cultural context to analyze its theoretical basis,formation reasons and specific process of development,which paves the way for further exploration of the specific content of Bloch’s artistic utopia thought.Chapter Two specifically analyzes how Bloch studies art from a utopian perspective.Starting from a utopian perspective,Bloch gave art a new face.This chapter is divided into four parts.The first part explores the essence of utopian art.Bloch believes that "art is the manifestation of utopian consciousness and the symbol of the unformed reality",the core of which is "imagination" and "pre-revelation".The second part interprets that art has dual attributes of ideology and utopia.One era,one era of literature.No matter how great art is,it cannot exist without the era.It must be constrained by the ideology of the era and branded with ideology.However,great art will not die out with the demise of the era.After the dissolution of the form,a large number of "utopian surpluses" are left as cultural heritage.These utopian surpluses have become the standard for measuring great art.The third part analyzes the characteristics of utopian art.Bloch breaks the pursuit of perfection in art,and believes that fragmentation,openness,and experimentation are the characteristics of utopian art,which contains a lot of prospects of future possibilities and desires.The fourth part discusses the function of utopian art.I elaborated Bloch’s views on the function of art.The utopian nature of art makes it criticize the existing irrationality,and at the same time has a certain foretelling.Chapter Three analyzes how different art categories exist as utopias and realize their functions as utopias through different art types such as music,painting,drama,and literature.Music and dance can express the most primitive desires in people’s hearts through "self-encounter",thus conveying the most true self;drama is an open example experiment,people are no longer passively immersed in the drama,but as a bystander to play their own subjective initiative and participate in the completion of the drama together with the stage actors.As a result,drama produces unlimited possibilities and hopes about the future,and becomes the epitome of actual practice,and the theater stage has also become a laboratory for future reality.Painting also carries the function of utopia.Bloch analyzes Dutch still life paintings,"Setra" and "Sunday images" in paintings and other different visions of desire to show his expectations for things that do not yet exist but desire to exist.But "desire" is not static.With changes in external objective conditions and internal psychological factors,"desire" presents a movement trend.It is difficult to fully grasp the essence of "desire" through pure "contemplation".Therefore,in addition to static paintings,discourse has become another effective way to express desires.Discourse is always in a certain state of tension,so the text forms a kind of calling structure.There are a lot of blanks and unfixed points,which contain uncertainty,and unlimited possibilities and expectations can arise anytime and anywhere.Therefore,Bloch turned from painting to the field of literary works to further explore the vision of desire in human life.The fourth chapter discusses the value and inspiration of Bloch’s artistic utopia.The value and enlightenment of Bloch’s artistic utopia are mainly manifested in three aspects.One is the affirmation of the value of art itself,which is divided into three aspects: the affirmation of subjectivity,the concern of the future and the expansion of the boundary and scope of artistic utopia.Second,it provides a new perspective for the study of literary and artistic theory,which not only provides normative theoretical terms and aesthetic categories for artistic forms,but also revises the traditional artistic theory and enriches the study of Marxist literary and artistic theory.The third is the enlightenment to creation and criticism of literature and art.Facing the uneven situation of creation of literature and art,Bloch’s theory points out a good direction for it.Real literary and artistic works must listen to the real pulse of The Times and reflect the development of The Times,but not write about life itself,let alone cater to the public and produce vulgar and shallow contents according to the market trend.Excellent literature and art need a certain height,but also must have a certain depth.Wanting to distinguish the real literature and art need to hold the correct concept.On the one hand,people should have the profound critical vision.on the other hand,have the ideal of the candle world.