The Study On The Class A Remains Graveyard Of Zhukaigou Site

The Zhukaigou site is one of the most representative sites in the early Bronze Age in central and southern Inner Mongolia.It has a large settlement area and abundant unearthed remains.The cultural aspect of the Zhukaigou site is complex.Recent studies have shown that the remains unearthed at the Zhukaigou site can be divided into two archeological cultures,"Zhukaigou Class A Remains" and "Zhukaigou Culture".There are a large number of Zhukaigou Class A tombs,which are concentrated in distribution,well preserved,and the pottery combination is clear.They are important materials for studying the settlement and society of the early Bronze Age in central and southern Inner Mongolia.This thesis takes the cemetery of Zhukaigou Class A remains as the research object,and discusses the social conditions and population changes of Zhukaigou site around 2000 BC and the central and southern areas of Inner Mongolia through a systematic study of the classifying,staging and layout of the cemetery.Judging from the classification,order and burial customs of the artifacts in the Zhukaigou Class A cemetery,the Zhukaigou Class A tombs can be divided into four categories: A,B,C,and D.The characteristics of the type A and type B of tombs are obviously different.The burial customs and the combination of pottery are obviously mutually exclusive,indicating that the type A and type B of tombs may belong to different groups.Type A represents the local population of Zhukaigou,and Type B represents The Qijia cultural crowd.Type C tombs have similar characteristics with the two types of tombs A and B.They are the product of the combination of the two types of tombs,A and B,and represent the population after the integration of local culture and Qijia culture.There are no burial objects in the tombs of category D people.From the perspective of the layout of the tombs,it is more likely that the two cultures merge.Based on the analysis of the archaeological typology of Zhukaigou’s Class A tombs and the comparison with the tombs of the same period in the surrounding area,the Zhukaigou Class A tombs can be divided into four phases.The first period is roughly equivalent to the late Longshan period.The second to the fourth period is roughly equivalent to the early,middle and late Xia Dynasty,and the first to fourth periods are a continuous development process.The first and second phases of the Zhukaigou Class A remains are the remains of local cultural groups.The Qijia cultural people entered the Zhukaigou area in the third phase of the Zhukaigou Class A remains and gradually integrated into the local culture.By the fourth phase of Zhukaigou’s Class A remains,the two cultural groups have been integrated.From the perspective of burial customs,burial objects and layout of the cemetery,the Zhukaigou Class A remains cemetery can be divided into three tomb areas,A,B,and C.Each tomb area is further divided into two to three tomb groups.Judging from the distribution of the four types of tombs in each district,type A is mainly concentrated in area A,type B is mainly concentrated in area B,and type C is relatively scattered,and there are a small amount of distribution in areas A,B and C.Type D is concentrated in area C.From the distribution of each district,district A is mainly a burial area for local people of type A,district B is mainly a burial area for people of Qijia culture of type B,and area C is a combination of local people of Zhukaigou and Qijia culture of type C and D Burial area behind.From the perspective of the regional society of the whole Hetao area,from the late Longshan to the mid-Xia Dynasty,the second phase of the local Dakou culture in the Hetao area always occupied the dominant position.Li vessels with two handles,Yan vessels with contracted mouth,urns with three legs,Li vessels with one ear,pots with one ear,pots with two ears are widespread in various sites and tombs.In the mid-Xia Dynasty,the western part of the Hetao area began to appear Qijia cultural elements.The Zhukaigou Cemetery was buried with pots with two big ears,pots with three big ears,pots with high neck and bent shoulder and bronzes.The typical Qijia cultural burial custom of the mandible sacrifice of sheep,and the partial cave tomb of Baiaobao tomb is very similar to the Mogou cemetery of Qijia culture.However,the typical tombs of the Qi family culture have not been found at the Dakou and Shimao sites.The Zhukaigou and Baiaobao areas are roughly the eastern boundary of the migration of the Qijia groups.