A Multi Perspective Study Of "假如" Sentence Pattern Based On Chinese Corpus

Hypothesis is an ordinary way of human’s thinking,and hypothetical relation is a common semantic relation in modern Chinese.In modern Chinese,the most typical sentences which express hypothetical relation are hypothesis compound sentences.This kind of sentence not only has a long history,but also maintains a strong vitality.Whether it is literary works or poetry biography,whether it is written records or oral expression,there are a large number of hypothesis compound sentences.The sentence pattern of"假如"is a kind of hypothesis compound sentences marked by the conjunction"假如".Although it is not the most typical sentence pattern in hypothesis compound sentence,it also has very rich semantic connotation.Therefore,it is valuable to study it.This paper mainly studies this sentence from its structure,semantics and pragmatics,trying to explore the mystery of"假如"sentence pattern.It also compares"假如"sentence pattern with"即使"sentence pattern which can express the meaning of"hypothesis"in three aspects,and analyzes its similarities and differences.This paper finds that there are five aspects:firstly,in modern Chinese,the symbol"假如"has two usages:as noun and conjunction,which are mainly used as conjunction to guide compound sentence or paratactic compound sentence in the form of single sentence;its usage in complex sentence has three forms:single use,continuous use and collocation.Secondly,"假如"sentence pattern is composed of variable and invariable items.The invariable items are acted by different grammatical elements.The positive part of"假如"sentence pattern can be divided into four sentence patterns:declarative sentence,interrogative sentence,rhetorical question,exclamatory sentence and imperative sentence.Thirdly,there are two types of partial sentence semantic of"假如"sentence pattern:true hypothesis and unreal hypothesis,while there are two types of positive sentence semantic:possible result and real result;"假如"sentence pattern can include three types of semantic relations:causation,juxtaposition and transition.Fourthly,the pragmatic function of"假如"sentence pattern has two functions:expression and solution.Fifthly,there is little difference between"假如"and"即使"sentence pattern in syntactic structure and pragmatic function.In semantic aspect,although both partial sentences can express virtual conditions,they are still different and their marks cannot be interchanged.This paper is divided into seven parts:The first part:introduction.This part introduces the research status of hypothesis compound sentence and conjunction"假如",the research object,research significance,research content,research objectives and ideas,research methods and corpus sources.The second part:the use of"假如"in modern Chinese corpus."假如"can be used as a noun and conjunction,but rarely as a noun.It is mainly used as a conjunction to express the relationship in hypothetical compound sentences."假如",as a mark of hypothetical compound sentence,can appear in partial sentence alone,can also be used in the partial sentences with other marks which have same semantic meaning in the sentence,and can also form a pair of related words with the relation mark in the positive sentence.The third part:the study on syntactic of"假如"sentence pattern.In terms of syntax,"假如"sentence pattern can be summarized as"(A)假如B,(X)C"."假如"and"X"are fixed items,and"A","B"and"C"are variable items.The fixed term"X"is the associated word with"假如",such as"那么(那末)","就","则","那","那就",etc.The variable"A"is a single word(noun,pronoun)or a definite middle phrase.The variable term"B"and the"C"are simple sentences(acted by various grammatical units)and compound sentences.If we divide"假如"sentence pattern into two parts,it can be divided into five types:"partial sentence+declarative sentence","partial sentence+interrogative sentence","partial sentence+rhetorical question","partial sentence+exclamatory sentence","partial sentence+imperative sentence".The forth part:the study on semantic of"假如"sentence pattern.From the semantic characteristics of partial sentence and normal sentence,the semantic types of partial sentence can be divided into two categories:true hypothesis and unreal hypothesis,and can be divided into five sub categories:possible hypothesis,realistic hypothesis,counterfactual hypothesis,fictitious hypothesis and figurative hypothesis.The semantic types of normal sentence can be divided into two types:dominant result and recessive result,and can be divided into four sub categories:inferential result,assertive result,factual result and counterfactual result.From the perspective of the semantic relation of the multi-level"假如"sentence pattern,"假如"sentence pattern can contain three types of compound sentences:causation,juxtaposition and transition relation.There are 15 types of semantic relations:explanatory causation,inferential causation,hypothetical,conditional,target,juxtaposition,coherent,progressive,selective,transition,real transition,virtual transition,total transition,tolerant transition and false transition.The fifth part:the study on pragmatic function of"假如"sentence pattern.The pragmatic function of"假如"sentence pattern can be divided into two categories:expression function and solving function.There are four types of expression function:expressing cognition,expressing attitude,expressing requirement and expressing emotion,and three types of solving function:referential solving,confirmatory solving and selective solving.The sixth part:a comparative study on"假如"sentence pattern and"即使"sentence pattern.There are similarities and differences between the two sentence patterns in structure,semantics and pragmatics.The seventh part:conclusion.This paper makes a summary of the structure,semantics and pragmatics of"假如"sentence pattern and the comparison with"即使"sentence pattern.