A Study On Female Reproductive Motivation Under The Universal Two-child Policy

In October 2015,China implemented the universal two-child policy,which allows every couple to have two children.As the conception of childbearing of women of gestational age in China is changing with the development of The Times,in order to make the birth policy more in line with China’s national conditions,ensure the promotion of the "universal two-child" policy and the follow-up supporting issues after the two-child birth,the related research of "universal two-child" has become a hot topic of concern by the government and academic circles.From the perspective of psychology,this study makes an empirical study on the motivation of women’s second child bearing,which enriches the related research on women’s fertility.Starting from the function of the family of origin and the function of marriage quality,this paper discusses the influence of the two factors on the motivation of women to have a second child from multiple perspectives,and provides reasonable suggestions for the improvement of the comprehensive two-child policy.This is conducive to the improvement of China’s fertility policy and population policy,helps to improve women’s happiness and satisfaction from the perspective of family of origin and marital relationship,and thus has a positive significance for improving women’s second child reproduction motivation level.First of all,on the basis of literature analysis,this study combined with open questionnaire survey to construct the theory of female second child fertility motivation dimension,through questionnaire test,after item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,formed at the beginning of the women’s second child birth motivation questionnaire measurement,and through the letter,validity of inspection,formed the formal questionnaire,to provide follow-up studies with psychometrics properties research tools.Then,through self-designed questionnaires,combined with the related scale of family of origin function and the related scale of marital quality,the survey was conducted on women of childbearing age,to understand the status quo and characteristics of women’s motivation to have a second child under the current fertility policy,and to explore the predictive role of family of origin function and marital quality on the motivation to have a second child through regression analysis.Finally,the interview method is adopted to go deep into the internal process of the interaction between the family of origin,the marriage relationship and women themselves,to investigate the dynamic impact on women’s second child reproduction motivation,and to supplement the questionnaire research.Based on the above studies,the results are as follows:(1)Motivation of female second child reproduction includes five dimensions: physiology and environment,economic support,love and belonging,social norms,and personal achievement.(2)The questionnaire "Motivation of Women’s Second Child Reproduction" compiled has good reliability and validity and conforms to psychometrics standards.(3)Under the universal two-child policy,women of childbearing age have more positive motivation to have a second child.The score was highest on "love and belonging," followed by "personal achievement," followed by "biology and environment," followed by "financial support," and finally "social norms." In addition,women’s age,household registration,whether they are the only child,educational background,and annual family income all have significant differences in their motivation to have a second child.(4)Under the universal two-child policy,women’s family closeness and family adaptability are significantly positively correlated with the motivation to have a second child,and can positively predict the motivation level of women to have a second child;The marital satisfaction of marital quality is significantly positively correlated with the maternal motivation of women’s second child,the role equality of marital quality is significantly negatively correlated with the maternal motivation of women’s second child,and the role equality has a significant negative predictive effect on the maternal motivation of women’s second child.(5)Women have three kinds of perception about the function of their original family: support,control and indulgence;There are three kinds of perception of marital quality: intimacy,estrangement and conflict.The family of origin mainly influences the marriage quality from the direct intergenerational influence,the emotional foundation,the establishment of the model of affective relationship between the two sexes,and the generation of abnormal emotions.The family of origin structure,the support to the female,and the parents’ fertility preference affect the female’s second child bearing motivation.The quality of marriage affects women’s motivation of having a second child from the aspect of having children and husbands.In the interaction process of the three,cultural concept and development stage are the influential factors that cannot be ignored.Finally,there are three main modes of women’s second child decision making: individual leading mode,parental intervention mode and husband and wife negotiation mode.The following conclusions can be drawn from the above results:Under the comprehensive two child policy,children gestational age women in general is happy to have two children,they consider the physical condition when you have two children and reproductive risk problem,at the same time are greatly influenced by the financial support and every generation of raising,influenced by social norms is lesser,have two children is largely to spiritual solace,creating a more intimate connection with others,in the process of the women can experience the personal satisfaction.Women who grow up in close and well-adjusted families of origin are more likely to have a second child as adults.Women with higher marital satisfaction are more likely to have a second child.However,if wives attach great importance to the equality of roles between husband and wife,their motivation to have a second child will be relatively weak.Therefore,the family of origin has a profound impact on women’s marriage quality and the formation and decision of the motivation to have a second child,and marriage quality will also affect the motivation to have a second child to some extent,while cultural concept and development stage will promote women to form their unique reproductive decision-making mode in the interaction process of the three.In this regard,this study from the individual female,family of origin,marriage relationship,and national macro policy four aspects,put forward relevant suggestions and countermeasures.In order to promote individual growth and development,maintain family harmony and stability,enhance marital satisfaction of husband and wife,protect and safeguard women’s rights and interests,improve China’s fertility rate,promote China’s sustainable development.