| The problem of labor is the core of human history.Marxist historical materialism holds that the history of human development is the history of human labor in the final analysis.At the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century,Marxism was influenced by vulgar evolutionism and positivism,which led to the prevalence of economic materialism.It only focused on the objective regularity and decisiveness in the social and historical development,and completely ignored the subjectivity and initiative of human beings.Lukacs has a keen insight into this problem,and from the perspective of labor problem,he emphasizes human subject and subjective consciousness,forming his unique labor theory.His labor theory can be divided into two stages.In the early stage,he proposed and studied materialized labor from the perspective of criticism and how to overcome it,forming materialized labor theory;in the late stage,starting from the ontology of social existence,he discussed that labor is the basic form of social practice and the basic role of labor in social history,forming labor ontology theory.The comparative study of Lukacs’ labor theory is helpful to confirm that labor is the essence of human beings,the realization of free labor and the liberation of human personality.This paper discusses the basic content,commonness and difference of Lukacs’ early and late labor theory,as well as the Contemporary Enlightenment of Lukacs’ labor theory.The first chapter discusses the basic content of Lukacs’ two stages of labor theory,and forms the early materialized labor theory from three aspects: the formation reason,the form of expression and the way to overcome;and forms the late labor ontology theory from three aspects: labor is the basic form of social practice,labor has the purpose and causality,labor’s conformity and the freedom and liberation of human personality.The second chapter analyzes the commonness of Lukacs’ early and late labor theory,including the promotion of labor subjectivity and subjective consciousness and the application of dialectics.The third chapter analyzes the differences between Lukacs’ early and late labor theory from three aspects: the ideological source of labor theory,the philosophical standpoint of constructing labor theory and the path to overcome alienated labor.The fourth chapter expounds the contemporary significance of Lukacs’ labor theory,evaluates Lukacs’ labor theory,analyzes its theoretical achievements and limitations,and expounds its overall status,function and practical significance. |
