The Development And End Of Wei Xue In Qing Dynasty ——Based On The Investigation Of Liaodong,zhili And Shandong

Wei Xue originated in the Yuan Dynasty,prospered in the Ming Dynasty,continued in the Qing Dynasty,and finally died out with the imperial examination system.At the beginning,Wei Xue was the representative name of Confucianism in the military and school system.The Chenghua Dynasty set up a court to pay tribute,and gradually became a law.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,there were three main paths for the education of Wei Xue education,that is,the independent Wei Xue,the dependent Wei Xue,and the Wei Xue attached to school.The Qing Dynasty inherited the Wei Xue and talents established in the Ming Dynasty,and also made use of different forms of Wei Xue education.In the Qing Dynasty,Wei Xue lost its military color and paid more attention to the characteristics of "school".In the Qing Dynasty,the status of Wei Xue was lower than that in the Ming Dynasty,but it was still an important existence for the military and Wei population to enjoy educational resources and ascending channels.The four dynasties of Shun,Kang,Yong and Qian were the peak period of abolition and merger of Wei Xue.There are two methods: one is to change the Wei to the county,and the Wei school to be changed to the county school;The latter is further divided into two categories: "set up a separate guard book" and "regardless of civilian guards,one school to pay tribute".The handling of Wei Xue should be done in accordance with the merger and abolition of the Wei Institute,and it should also take into account factors such as the local population,style of writing,distance of travel,and the opinions of the gentry,and make different treatments.Its reason basically has three: one,abolish Wei Suo,so the Wei Xue.Not only does it match the school name with the administrative division,but it also guarantees a series of administrative affairs involved in Wei Xue,such as funding and examination room management.Second,eliminate redundant officials and save funds.Third,the exclusive number of places and the existence of Wei Ji so that turn Wei Xue into the imperial examination lowland,resulting in serious risk.It can be seen that the attitude of the Qing Dynasty towards Wei Xue was not simply abolish them all.The Shunzhi Dynasty even had a special practice of cutting the county to stay in the guards and changing the county school to the Wei Xue.In the three dynasties of Kang,Yong and Qian,new Wei Xue were also established in the frontier and southwest regions,which became a temporary measure for the establishment of preschools in prefectures and counties,but there are fewer of them.The end of Wei Xue is synchronized with the end of the imperial examination system.In the fifth year of Shunzhi（1648）,Liaodong thirteen Wei Xue were first decided to abolish,and Kangxi and Yongzheng abolished the vast majority.Jiaqing and its later did not see the record of abolishing Wei Xue.A small number of wei schools also continued to exist in the form of a variant of retaining Wei Ji and Wei Xue quota,and there were still wei status students paying tribute to guangxu Dynasty.It was not until the abolition of the imperial examination that examinations and tributes were stopped,and the Wei Xue came to an end.Wei Xue and Wei Ji have a profound impact on local society.Wei Xue provides easier career opportunities,attracts people to live in the Acropolis and unites people’s hearts,which is one of the key elements to stabilize the local society in the frontier.The establishment of Wei Xue alone and the group of Wei Ji gentry created by it were obstacles in the process of the Qing Dynasty’s merger and acquisition of Wei Suo,which also made Wei Xue’s merger and merger of Wei Suo no longer keep pace.Moreover,when Wei Xue is finally abolished,it will still be able to retain Wei status and exclusive places.Although Wei Xue was cut down,the school palace was continuously repaired or changed to Wenchang Palace,which maintained a considerable position in the hearts of local scholars.In terms of system,the Wei Xue education is at the connection point of the system of Wei Suo,the system of imperial examination and the system of household registration.It involves many problems of the system of Wei Suo in Ming and Qing dynasties,and plays an important role in stabilizing the border area and shaping the local society.Therefore,the research of Wei Xue should be paid attention to.