Comments On Rawls’ Principle Of First Justice

Since Rawls’ principle of justice came out,it has gone through a long process,which has been discussed by many philosophers.It is worth discussing and studying in essence,and it promotes people’s pursuit of social justice to a higher level.The main content of this paper is the first principle of justice in the book on Justice-the principle of freedom and equality.In the first chapter,the author narrates Rawls’ life and the theoretical premise and background of the justice principle.The influence of Rawls’ family environment,school and military life and the dangerous situation of American society after World War II provide the background for the birth of the theory of justice.On this premise,Rawls inherited the liberalism tradition of the Enlightenment period and put forward two principles of justice.Rawls’ s principle of justice comes from the imaginary society full of speculative color.In this society,living in the original state,the existence of the curtain of ignorance blocks people’s dependence on other knowledge,and the logical means used is the balance of reflection.In the second chapter,the author combs the content and logical relationship of the two principles of justice.Through the analysis of the content of the principle of justice,the author thinks that the first principle of justice,the principle of freedom and equality,is mainly used to solve the problems in the political system;the second principle of justice,the principle of justice and equality of opportunity and the principle of difference,is mainly used to solve the problems in the distribution.After that,Rawls also used the lexicographic sequence to stipulate that the first priority is the principle of equality of freedom over the principle of equality of justice and the principle of difference,and the second priority is the principle of equality of justice over the principle of difference.Through such a setup,a good social structure has been established.In the third chapter,the author analyzes the first justice principle to some extent,discusses the theoretical value and defects of Rawls’ first justice principle,and discusses the theoretical defects and development prospects of the first justice principle based on the criticism of Chinese and Western scholars.Rawls’ principle of justice gets rid of the limitation of classical contract theory and has a higher abstraction.His first principle of justice breaks through the shackles of utilitarianism,injects new foundation and vitality into liberalism,and truly embodies the freedom and equality of human dignity.But Rawls’ s justice thought and its evolution are more like an internal defense of constitutional democratic society,and his principle of freedom and equality is also criticized by Nozick and communitarianism.At home,although the introduction of the theory of justice into China is not long,many scholars have expressed their own opinions,especially for the non historicism and speculative deduction methods they use.In the fourth chapter,the author thinks about the first principle from the perspective of Marxist philosophy,and discusses the favorable influence on China and the prospect of reality.Although the rootof Rawls’ theory is people’s social reality,his justice thought does not really break away from metaphysics.Rawls’ first principle is of great practical significance to China’s socialist construction.Freedom and equality in political rights guarantee people’s starting point fairness.The gradual rationalization of the NPC’s representative structure reflects the increasingly extensive and in-depth application of the first principle.Finally,the author also discusses the implementation of Rawls first principle in our country and imagines the prospect of development.