From Evading Domination To Country Orientation ——Rice Production Of Dong Ethnic Group In Zhanli Village Of Guizhou Province

This article takes Zhanli Village as an example to discuss the changes of traditional farming livelihoods in different historical periods in Dong areas from agricultural autonomy to state-oriented,and to answer what changes have occurred in the rice farming livelihoods of Dong areas under the governance of the state and cause such changes s reason.In the early years of the Ming Dynasty,the ancestors of Zhanli moved from Wuzhou,Guangxi to the southeastern part of Guizhou,and developed independently outside the governance of the dynasty.In the early period of the Qing dynasty,through the establishment of the Dong Regulations,the population was controlled,the social and livelihood problems brought about by population growth were solved,and the gender balance of the population was achieved through “huanhuacao”.It was not until the Kangxi and Qianlong period that the country ’s governance capacity penetrated into the “shengmiao”（minorities not ruled）region,and Zhanli was included in the country ’s governance,but the impact of national governance was relatively limited.Before entering the national governance,the agriculture of Zhanli belonged to the period of independent development,and people planted the Kam weet rice.After the country ’s direct governance,rice in the Dong area was transformed in various historical periods.In addition to the mandatory “Kam weet rice to indica rice” movement during the People ’s Commune,other stages of the country mainly promoted agricultural transformation indirectly through taxes and prices.Farmers ’agricultural production has Certain autonomy.After 2011,Congjiang County ’s rice-fish-duck complex ecological farming system entered the “Global Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage”protection list.National governance and the Dong ’s traditional farming livelihood protection were unified,and there were some problems in the specific heritage protection.Through systematic discussion and analysis,the author has obtained the process of achieving effective governance of the country and the continuous adaptation and integration of Dong areas into the country,which has led to changes in farming livelihoods in Dong areas.This article introduces the reasons for the author ’s research and combs the relevant literature;the chapter 1 discusses the relationship between cereals and the country,and analyzes the Zhanli and Scott’s “Zomia”;the chapter 2 discusses the Zhanli Dong The process of the development and inheritance of traditional farming livelihoods,analyzes how Zhanli maintains traditional farming livelihoods and improves village governance by controlling the population;The chapter 3 discusses how the ancestors of Zhanli were “cultivated”,integrated into the local ethnic groups,and accepted the cultivation of glutinous rice;the chapter 4 focuses on the restoration of traditional farming livelihoods of the Dong ethnic group,and discusses government support,how local people participate,and local people’s views on the regulation and support of cultural heritage.Finally,summarizes the full text and draws the conclusions of this article.