A Research On The Problem Of Implementation Of “Forbidden Electric Bicycle Policy” From The Perspective Of Smith Model

With the characteristics of economy,lightness,convenience and environmental friendly,E-bike is an ideal means of transportation for short distance travel,which is popular among the general public,especially the low-income people.Since the 1990s,e-bikes have developed rapidly in China,and the number of them has continued to grow.Especially in cities where motorcycles are forbidden to pass("forbidden to drive"),e-bikes have become substitutes for motorcycles,shuttling through streets and alleys.E-bike brings convenience for people to travel,but also brings a series of problems,such as traffic,fire,pollution,etc.,of which traffic safety is the most prominent.With the growth of the number of e-bikes,the traffic violations and traffic accidents involving e-bikes are also increasing,becoming a new "killer" of the road.In the face of the growing number of e-bikes,different cities have different governance attitudes.According to the current domestic urban E-bike policies,they can be roughly divided into three categories: first,"no electricity",explicitly forbidding e-bikes to go on the road,such as Guangzhou,Zhuhai,Dongguan;second,"limited electricity",restricting the passage of e-bikes in some sections of the jurisdiction,such as Beijing,Shenzhen Third,it is not "forbidden" or "limited",allowing to drive on the road,implementing the registration and licensing system for electric bicycles that meet the national standards,and managing them according to the standards of non motor vehicles.Among the policies of e-bikes in different regions,the practice of "no electricity" and "power limitation" is the most controversial.Taking Dongguan City as an example,the government formally implemented the policy of banning the passage of e-bikes in 2007(the "electricity ban order"),the core purpose of which is to prevent and reduce the traffic violations and accidents involving e-bikes,and reduce the traffic jams and chaos caused thereby.It has been 13 years since the implementation of the "no electricity order",but the effect of the implementation of the policy has not reached the expectation.There are still a large number of e-bikes on the road,most of which are over standard e-bikes.Due to the lack of systematic management,the potential problems of E-bike traffic are increasingly obvious.Why didn’t the policy achieve the expected effect? Where is the resistance? What’s the reason? This is the focus of this paper.This paper attempts to use the four factors of Smith Model idealized policy,executive organization,target population and external environment to analyze the problems and causes exposed in the implementation process of Dongguan’s "electricity ban order",explain that the "electricity ban order" policy has not adapted to the current trend of social development,and put forward policy correction suggestions in the "post electricity ban" period.In addition to the summary and conclusion,the paper is divided into six parts.The first part— the introduction mainly describes the background and significance of the research,summarizes the research status of E-bike management,and introduces the research methods and possible innovations of this paper.Due to the different national conditions,the research review part mainly describes the research results of domestic scholars on the safety management and public policy of E-bike traffic.The second part — defines and explains the basic concepts of E-bike,over standard E-bike,"no electricity order" and policy implementation,focusing on the special interpretation of the theoretical tool used in this paper,"Smith" model,and analyzes the applicability of "Smith" model to analyze the implementation of "no electricity order".The third part — analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the implementation of the "power ban order" in Dongguan.In terms of the development process,it describes in detail the formulation,promulgation,implementation and disputes of the policy,the connection and difference between the "electricity ban" and "motorcycle control";in terms of the implementation status,it introduces the current situation of the main implementation mode,key points of rectification and vehicle disposal of Dongguan "electricity ban order".At the same time,using Smith model,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the implementation of Dongguan "electricity ban order" from the aspects of policy-making,executive agencies,target groups,external environment,etc.The fourth part — in view of the problems existing in the implementation of the "electricity ban order",this chapter makes an in-depth analysis of the deep-seated causes of the problems from the four dimensions of idealized policy,implementing agencies,target groups and external environment.This chapter is the focus of the paper,which provides the basis for the following correction of E-bike policy.The fifth part: briefly introduces the management experience of worldwide e-bikes,and extracts some enlightenment for strengthening the management of e-bikes.The sixth part: put forward suggestions for policy correction in the period of "after electricity ban".Urban managers should abandon the practice of "one ban",and gradually incorporate e-bikes into standardized and refined management in combination with the traffic reality in Dongguan.