The Public Education And The Residents’ Fertility Desire

From 1982,China had made the Family Planning as a basic national policy.Since the policy was implemented for decades,it has achieved significant results,such as effectively control the Chinese population growth too fast.However,with the implementation of the Family Planning Policy,it has also caused new problems for the Chinese population,such as the aging of the population,the approaching ultra-low fertility rate,and the imbalance of gender ratios.China is already in a "Low Fertility Trap",and the total fertility rate is likely to be continuous,the fertility has been below the Generation Replacement Level for several years.Education is related to one’s future and is an important part of people’s livelihood.China’s current education system is based on public education which is provided by the government.The quality of pub lic education services is one of the issues that people are very concerned about.Education expenditure has always accounted for a large proportion of family expenditure.A well-run public education service is conducive to reducing the family’s education expenditure on children,relaxing family budget constraints,and then affecting people’s fertility desire.In this paper,we sorted the literature which research on fertility desire.Through collating and collecting domestic and foreign literature on fertility desire,we have obtained a wealth of theoretical and empirical research on fertility desire,sorting out and summarizing the connotation of fertility desire,the influencing factors of fertility desire,and the research on the influence of education on fertility desire.Based on the scarcity of the educational resources,this paper analyzes the impact of public education investment on children’s academic performance from an empirical perspective,and then conducts an empirical analysis of the relationship between public education services and fertility desire.Empirical Analysis of this data comes mainly from Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)2013 and 2015,using OLS,2SLS,Probit,Poisson,MProbit and other measurement methods have conducted an empirical analysis of the relationship between public education services and fertility desire from the perspective of the ideal number of children and the willingness of two children.Considering the endogenous problem,this article selects the average education years of the respondents in the region as the instrumental variable.Through empirical analysis,the conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows:(1)Public education services have a significant positive impact on the number of ideal children.The higher the evaluation of the public education services,the greater the number of residents’ ideal children.(2)There is a significant positive correlation between public education services and the second child’s fertility desire.The higher the evaluation of the public education services,the greater the probability that people will choose to have a second child.(3)After adding IV,public education services have a positive but low significant relationship with residents’ willingness to reproduce again.The improvement of public education can promote people’s willingness to reproduce again and increase the number of children.(4)Public education services have a certain degree of influence on children’s gender preferences.The improvement of public education services is more likely to make people give up weak gender preferences,more willing to accept non-gender preferences,and people prefer the composition of children.(5)Public education service evaluation is positively and significantly related to the ideal number of children,the second child’s willingness,and the desire to reproduce again,but not to the urban residents;public service evaluation and the ideal number of children,both child willingness and childbearing willingness were positively significant.Combining the conclusions obtained from the research,this article puts forward several policy suggestions:strengthen the construction of school hardware facilities and enhance the hard power of running schools;improve the public education financial investment mechanism and establish a multi-channel pooling method;rationally pool educational resources and reduce the urban-rural education gap;strengthen The construction of teaching staff improves the quality of teaching.The marginal contribution of this article is that it discusses fertility desire from the perspective of public education services and enriches the research results in related fields.