Gender Wage Gap Under Different Ownership Perspectives:Wage Determination,Source Decomposition And Evolution Trend

Economic system reform and market-oriented development are important measures to promote China’s economic and social development.However,in terms of income distribution,there are still multiple divisions in the Chinese labor market,of which gender and ownership are two important factors that lead to their division.So far,there are not many studies on the gender wage gap in China,but there is still a lack of systematic research on the time evolution and distribution heterogeneity.An in-depth analysis of the evolution of the gender wage gap under different ownership perspectives not only helps to integrate and enrich the current labor economy and population economic theories,but also has important practical significance for promoting equity in the field of income distribution.Based on this,this paper uses the data of China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS)from 2005 to 2015 as a sample,based on the ownership and gender dimensions,and systematically studied the determinants,sources of differences and evolution trends of gender wages under different ownerships.Specifically,first of all,multi-dimensional comparative analysis of the difference in endowment characteristics and wage income of gender employees in the state-owned and non-state-owned sectors;second,the comprehensive use of the Mincer’s income equation and quantile regression,from the mean level and distribution level Empirical research on the income decision of the two sexes in the two departments;then,the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and the quantile decomposition method are used flexibly to scientifically decompose and identify the source of the gender wage gap between the two departments.Finally,based on the relevant findings,this article proposes relevant policy recommendations.The study found that:(1)The gender wage gap exists in different sectors of ownership.The average wage gap of non-state-sector employees is generally greater than that of the state-owned sector,and the gender wage gap in the state-owned sector is widening,while the gap in the non-state-owned sector widened between 2005 and 2010,and narrowed between 2010 and 2015;(2)Work experience,education level and other human capital variables have a significant impact on gender wage levels.Among them,the impact of work experience has an inverted U-shaped change,and the return rate of education for women in the state sector is always higher than men;(3)In the gender wage gap of different ownership sectors,the contribution of the coefficient effect is greater than the endowment effect,and the influence and growth rate of the coefficient effect in the state-owned sector are more serious;(4)From the quantile decomposition results,the total effect growth rate of the state sector at the low and high quantile levels is more obvious than that of the non-state sector,and discrimination within the low-end income groups of different ownership sectors is increasing severe;(5)During the sample period,the gender wage gap in different ownership sectors showed a tendency to expand at the low and high quantile levels and shrink at the middle quantile level.Based on the research results and drawing on the experience of advanced countries,government departments should improve the legislative system,legal protection system,infrastructure construction,and guide the transformation of public opinion.While improving the human capital of low-income women,design and implement a fair wage system,and standardized management for non-state-owned departments.Enterprises should actively implement relevant policies and regulations,standardize the employment system,and try their best to avoid discrimination against female employees in the recruitment process and salary.In addition,female employees should also strengthen their professional skills and employment transformation training,improve competitiveness and bargaining position,and increase opportunities for entering traditional male industries.