A Study On The Raising And Caring Of Children Aged 0-3 Under The "Universal Two-child" Policy

On January 1,2016,the "universal two-child" policy was officially implemented,and China had entered the "two-child" era.While the public was responding to the "two-child" policy,the problem of raising and caring for children aged 0 to 3 is also becoming more and more prominent.Taking guiyang city in guizhou province,anshun city,zhunyi,liupanshui city,xingyi urban areas to investigate site,and to have children aged 0 to 3 years old children’s mother as the main research object,using the questionnaire survey method with in-depth interview method to investigate "comprehensive two children" policy under the background of 0-3 years old children to raise and take care of the status quo,parenting women’s personal development present situation,using the factor analysis method to extract 0-3 years old children to raise and take care of the main problems of combining the theory of opportunity cost,the social gender theory,analysis of the problems existing in the accessibility theory.The results showed that more than half of the children aged 0-3 were raised by the trunk family.Before the age of 6 months,the rate of exclusive breastfeeding and immunization plan was higher,but the physical examination condition of children was not optimistic.For the handling of emergencies,parents were very casual;The vast majority of 0-3 years old children’s early education within the family,educators was given priority to with mother and grandparents,only a small number of 0-3 years old children and their parents in the early days of the early education institutions accept short-term education,most parents think 3-6 years old is an important stage of education of children,0-3 years,stages of education;The acquisition of parenting knowledge was mainly through mass media and family elders.Children aged 0-3spend an average of over 1000 yuan per month,mainly on basic daily necessities.The daily care of children aged 0-6 months is mainly undertaken by mothers.The main care workers for children aged 6 months to 3 years are their ancestors.The participation rate of fathers in the care of children aged 0-3 years is not high;Half ofthe parents of children aged 0-3 are willing to take care of themselves within the family and take care of the child by themselves or their parents.Among other social childcare options,public childcare institutions are the first choice;after the second child,the family relationship of women has been actively improved.After women give birth to their second child,the family relationship has been actively improved,the relationship between husband and wife has been warmed up,and the relationship with their parents has become closer,but they also face weakened support functions and conflicts in intergenerational ideas;Women’s personal development problems are mainly manifested in the difficulty of studying and studying,feeling stress,willing to choose a stable job,and increasing the difficulty of applying for a job.Through factor analysis,the problems of raising and caring for children aged 0-3years were extracted into five aspects: female personal development,daily care and early education factors,parenting knowledge and behavior,parenting cost and family intergenerational relationship.The environment differences of parenting knowledge and behavior,the marginalization of fatherhood,the game between parenting cost and opportunity cost,the contradiction between intergenerational support and intergenerational conflict,the gap of public service demanded and accessibility,and the loss of female body cost and opportunity cost in the parenting and care of children aged 0-3.In this regard,I tried to propose a transition from the endogenous family,to clarify parental subjective consciousness,strengthen intergenerational communication,promote the external source of the government,improve the "two-child" public service system,carry out "two-child" parenting knowledge guidance,and protect women’s employment rights,Social broad-source support,implement the social responsibility of child care and care,and create a solution path for the cultural atmosphere of social common care.