Research On Universal Two-child Policy And The Second Child Fertility Desire And Influencing Factors Of Citizens

After 30 years of one-child fertility policy's strict implementation,China's new born population decreased dramatically,which exacerbates the aging degree of the whole society,and universal two-child policy's goal is effectively deal with the various demographic and social problems caused by aging population.Fertility desire plays an important guiding role on reproductive behavior,Citizen's fertility desire of a second child and the related influencing factors are of great significance to the effective implementation of universal two-child policy,as well as the evaluation of its implementation effect and the latter direction of the policy.This paper takes citizen's fertility desire of a second child as the breakthrough point,and explores Urumqi citizen's response to universal two-child policy and the expected policy effect through questionnaire and empirical research.First of all,this paper explores the history and characteristics of the evolution of fertility policy,and makes a detailed analysis of the public policy's nature,policy objective and policy environment of universal two-child policy.Then,Urumqi's current situation of population and fertility policy are analyzed,and the citizen's fertility desire of a second child and core influencing factors are discussed.Finally,According to Urumqi's growth trend of a second child in 2009-2015,and the target group's fertility desire of a second child,this paper evaluates the basic implementation of universal two-child policy in Urumqi,and puts forward some relevant suggestions to further promote universal two-child policy's effective implementation.The conclusion of this paper is that universal two-child policy is an inevitable response of the government to the current population and social environment.The policy has its own historical inevitability and rationality,and will be always implemented.The fertility desire of a second child of Urumqi citizens are not high,the citizens that are willing to give birth to a second child are only 44.2%,which are not dominant in total target groups.Urumqi citizens' desire to have a second child are influenced by many factors,the core factors include income,life stress,parenting stress,the price of house,social security,pension burden and school education.The evaluation of policy effectiveness shows that the target group and policy environment are the key to universal two-child policy's effective implementation,and economic environment is the core of the policy environment.According to the number of the second child's growth trend in Urumqi,and the comprehensive assessment of universal two-child policy's implementation across the country,the implementation effect of universal two-child policy is basically consistent with the expected policy objective in Urumqi.