Study On Intergenerational Occupational Mobility Of Urban And Rural Residents In China And Its Influencing Factors

With the acceleration of the marketization process,the continuous differentiation and integration of China’s social structure and the reorganization of resources have improved the market competition mechanism to a great extent,and the economic development has advanced by leaps and bounds,but at the same time,the problem of unequal opportunities has gradually become prominent.The words "competition of family background ","second generation"(rich second generation,official second generation,agricultural second generation,etc.),and "the poor and humble students are difficult to become outstanding" frequently appear in the public’s field of vision,which has aroused the enthusiasm of media and academic circles.Studies have pointed out that the intergenerational occupational mobility of Chinese residents has a tendency to weaken,and there is a clear phenomenon of "children inheriting fatherhood".As a carrier of income,occupation is not only closely related to the economic development and social progress,but also closely related to the predecessors such as the family background of the parent and the subsequent factors such as the moral quality and comprehensive ability of the micro-individuals.Therefore,from the perspective of intergenerational occupational mobility,this article explores the extent to which parental family factors affect children ’s career choices and intergenerational occupational mobility,On the one hand,it can provide new ideas for analyzing the phenomenon of the widening social income gap in China.On the other hand,it can provide new references for improving inter-generational mobility and solving the problems of employment structural contradictions and uneven opportunities.First,by collecting and reading domestic and foreign academic papers,survey reports on intergenerational mobility,intergenerational occupational mobility,and other relevant literature,further research and integration of the main academic views of intergenerational occupational mobility,related theoretical research foundations,to form solid theoretical foundation.Second,based on the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS),from the perspective of intergenerational professional mobility,relevant measurement indicators include parental factors(such as occupation,job level,political outlook,etc.),personal factors of children(gender,age,occupation,education level,etc.),and other control variables,use descriptive statistical analysis,occupational transposition matrix method,and measure intergenerational occupational mobility related indicators,heterogeneity by urban and rural areas,gender,time,and academic qualifications to analyze the current status,changes,and intergenerational occupational mobility trend characteristics of Chinese residents.Thirdly,through deduction and analysis of the theoretical model of intergenerational occupational mobility,from the perspective of economic research,the establishment of an empirical analysis framework and model of this article,use correlation analysis method,multiple Logit model,marginal effect model and structural equation model,from the two dimensions of stepped and leaping,in-depth exploration of the correlation between intergenerational occupational mobility in China in different periods,the main factors affecting intergenerational occupational mobility,and the path of each influencing factor since the founding of New China,and to reveals the internal mechanism of intergenerational occupational mobility of our residents,as well as the degree of social openness and fairness of opportunity during the period of economic transformation in China.Finally,draw research conclusions and put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions according to the conclusions.The study found that,first,there is a certain intergenerational occupational inheritance among all occupational classes of urban and rural residents.The urban-rural household registration division system further weakens the intergenerational occupational mobility to a certain extent."Curing" is easier to form.Second,there is a significant gender difference in the openness of the professional class.The disadvantage of female professional class distribution is more prominent,and gender factors will significantly affect intergenerational occupational mobility.Compared with women,males have strong intergenerational mobility For women,the upward flow of intergenerational occupations is hindered and it is more likely to fall into the "glass ceiling" dilemma.Third,there is a significant positive correlation between parent and child generation occupations.The intergenerational inheritance of parental human capital,social capital,economic capital,and political capital among the children is the main cause of intergenerational occupational inheritance,and the children The more human capital,social capital,economic capital and political capital you have,the stronger the inter-generational professional mobility.Fourth,in the process of intergenerational occupational mobility,education is not only the most important way to avoid intergenerational occupational inheritance,but also a "booster" to realize the upward mobility of intergenerational occupations.