Research On The Fiscal Problems Of The Compulsory Education Of Migrant Children In China

With the acceleration of China’s industrialization and urbanization,a large number of people migrate from rural areas into urban areas,from the underdeveloped areas into developed areas.At the same time,the way of "family relocation" brings a large number of floating population in the stage of compulsory education to developed cities.However,due to policy systems and urban carrying capacity,there are unfair phenomenon such as insufficient supply and low quality of compulsory education for migrant children.This not only damages the basic rights of migrant children,but also has an adverse impact on long-term social stability and sustained economic development.As the government is a key link in the supply of compulsory education for migrant children,the formulation and implementation of relevant policies cannot be separated from the guarantee of fiscal policies and the investment of fiscal funds.Therefore,this article analyzes the problem of compulsory education for migrant children from a fiscal perspective,which will help solve the problem of compulsory education for migrant children.This article is mainly composed of the following five chapters.The first chapter introduces the background and significance of the topic,combs the existing literature from the nature of compulsory education for migrant children,the level of government provision,the existing problems and causes and solutions,and points out the achievements and shortcomings of these literature.On this basis,the research direction and focus of this article are determined,the research direction and breakthrough point of this article are drawn,and the main content and research methods,innovations and deficiencies are finally explained.The second chapter mainly elaborates the related concepts of migrant children’s education,the current situation and basic theories of migrant children.First,it sorts out the domestic and foreign concepts of migrant population and migrant children,and the connotation of migrant children’s compulsory education.Second,it discusses the theory of education equity,the theory of public goods and the theory of intergovernmental fiscal relations,which lays a theoretical foundation for the following analysis.The third chapter combs the changes in the compulsory education fiscal policy for migrant children and the status quo of compulsory education for migrant children.Firstly,it makes a statistical description of the scale and structure of migrant children.Second,it combs the policy changes of compulsory education for migrant children from 1992 to now,and divides the evolution process into four stages and summarizes the characteristics of each stage and the change process of the main body of compulsory education funds burden,that is,from the school to the inflow of government and then to the central government.After that,the article elaborates on the specific practices of typical regions in two aspects:migrant children’s placement methods,and local fiscal policy in order to implement the central government policy.The fourth chapter analyzes the fiscal problems and causes of migrant children’s education.From a fiscal point of view,there are four problems in the compulsory education of migrant children:the proportion of the central government burden of migrant children’s compulsory education funding is low,the low-level government undertake too much burden of migrant children’s compulsory education in some areas,the"portable" policy of compulsory education funds for migrant children is not enough and government support for private education for migrant children is relatively low.The reasons are mainly due to the following four aspects:the negative incentive effect of the official performance evaluation system,local protectionism,the dual urban-rural household registration system and the corresponding education funding system,and the unclear understanding of the nature of compulsory education for migrant children.The fifth chapter puts forward policy suggestions to solve the financial problems of compulsory education for migrant children.First,establish institutional arrangements to promote investment in the compulsory education of migrant children by local governments,incorporate compulsory education of migrant children into the scope of the performance evaluation of local officials,and establish an evaluation system for evaluating the performance of migrant children’s compulsory education expenditure;Secondly,establish a perfect mechanism for guaranteeing funds for migrant children’s compulsory education,appropriately shift the power and expenditure responsibilities to higher level government,and establish a sound transfer payment system;Thirdly,improve the quantity and quality of the supply of compulsory education for migrant children in private schools,and improve the system of government purchasing degree.Finally,lower the entry threshold for migrant children,change the allocation of flunds based on the "number of registered students" to the "actual number of students in school",and truly implement the"money goes with people" policy.