The Impact Of Social Exclusion On The Cooperative Willingness Of Middle School Students ——The Role Of Interpersonal Trust And State Self-esteem

Cooperation is not only important to the country’s politics,economy and culture,but inseparable from our daily life.2021 is the opening year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan and it still advocates that China adheres to win-win cooperation in the development of other countries.In 1996,the report Education-One of Wealth Contains,whose “learning cooperation" is globally recognized as one of the four pillars of education.Quality education requires adolescents to master cooperative communication skills to better adapt to future social requirements.Strengthening the willingness of adolescents to cooperate and increasing their cooperative behavior are very beneficial to the quality education and interpersonal development of adolescents.Campus,as the most important interpersonal situation for middle school students,has too many social exclusions,such as refuse,isolate,neglect,banish and so on,which affect the physical and mental development of adolescents severely.Therefore,social exclusion has attracted extensive attention from researchers because of its universality and severity.Social exclusion refers to the social phenomenon in which people’s sense of relationship and belonging of excluded people are affected to a certain extent after they are rejected or excluded by others or groups in their daily life.Nesdale et al.（2014）have used a series of experiments to prove that different levels of social exclusion affect children and adolescents’ pro-social behavior differently.However,most research at home and abroad focus on the impact of social exclusion on pro-social behavior,and there is no further discussion and study on the impact of social exclusion on the willingness to cooperate.Based on the background of the current researches,this study aims to explore the impact of children’s willingness to cooperate after suffering social exclusion;and how children’s interpersonal trust and state self-esteem to influence their cooperative willingness after experiencing social exclusion.The subjects of this study came from two middle schools in Guangzhou.The experimental method and questionnaire survey method were used to explore the impact of social exclusion on the willingness to cooperate,the mediate effect of state self-esteem and the moderate effect of interpersonal trust.The experiment one was to test the impact of social exclusion on the willingness to cooperate and whether state self-esteem plays a mediate role in social exclusion and cooperative willingness.The experiment adopted the single-factor between-group design of the degree of social exclusion（exclusion group vs.reception group vs.control group）and measured the state self-esteem of the subjects before and after the social exclusion operation.The subject’s state self-esteem was measured by using the Six Item-State Self-Esteem Scale compiled by Sander Thomaes et al（2020）.In Experiment 2,the aim was to explore the role of interpersonal trust in regulating cooperative willingness under social exclusion.The experiment adopted the two-factor design of 3（social exclusion: exclusion group vs.reception group vs.control group）× 2（human trust level: high interpersonal trust vs.low interpersonal trust）and measured the subject’s interpersonal trust by using The Inclusive General Trust Scale（IGTS）developed by Yamagishi et al（2015）.The experimental results of this study found that:（1）Social exclusion will reduce the individual’s cooperative willingness.The willingness receiving group to cooperate is significantly higher than that of the exclusion group.（2）Social exclusion will impair state self-esteem,reduce willingness to cooperate.The state self-esteem plays a significant part mediate role in social exclusion and cooperative willingness.（3）Interpersonal trust can moderate the relationship between individual social exclusion and willingness to cooperate.Specifically,when an individual’s level of interpersonal trust is high,the individual’s impact on the individual’s cooperative willingness after social exclusion is not measurable,but when an individual’s level of interpersonal trust is low,the impact of social exclusion will significantly weaken the individual’s cooperative willingness.