| Objective: Social support is an important protective factor that can adjust the psychology,and it is considered to be closely related to physical exercise,overweight and obesity.However,it is not clear how it plays a role in physical exercise behavior through psychological variables.Therefore,the purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between social support,self-esteem,self-efficacy and physical exercise of adolescents with different BMI.And based on the theory of social cognition,constructing a model for promoting adolescent physical exercise behavior.Methods: According to the screening criteria of " BMI Screening for Overweight and Obesity in School-age Children and Adolescents from 6 to 18 Years Old " issued by my country in 2018.Then the subjects were divided into three groups: normal weight,overweight,and obesity.SPSS 19.0was used to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire,one-way analysis of variance to explore the differences between groups,and Pearson correlation analysis to explore the correlation between variables.Then,Graph Pad Prism 8.0.1 was used to draw a histogram.Finally,AMOS 21.0was used to verify the physical exercise behavior promotion model and conduct a multi-group analysis to explore the differences between adolescents of different body masses.Results:(1)The Cronbach’s α coefficient of each scale was more than 0.8.The correlation coefficients of revised items and total items of each scale were more than 0.4.Beside,we can get the KMO value of each scale was above 0.8 by exploratory factor analysis,and the index results of AMOS fitting were all qualified,and at the same time,the values of AVE(square difference variation)and CR(combination reliability)of the scale were above the acceptable value.(2)There are significant differences in social support,self-esteem,self-efficacy,and physical exercise behavior among adolescents of different BMI(P<0.05).In terms of subjective support and objective support,adolescents with normal weight scored the highest(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in support utilization between the three grouds(P>0.05);In terms of physical exercise intensity,exercise time,and physical exercise behavior,the scores of normal weight adolescents were higher than those of overweight and obese(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in exercise frequency(P>0.05).In terms of self-esteem and self-efficacy,the scores of normal-weight adolescents were higher than those of obese adolescents(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference among obese adolescents(P>0.05).(3)Social support,self-esteem,self-efficacy,and physical exercise behavior are significantly positively correlated(P<0.05).Among them,the correlation coefficients of social support,self-esteem,self-efficacy and physical exercise behavior are 0.08,0.13,0.47 respectively.(4)Social support uses self-esteem and self-efficacy to explain 6.4% of the variation in physical exercise behavior,and self-efficacy mediation explains the 6.4% variation of path of social support to physical exercise behavior;Conduct multi-group analysis of young people with different BMI,it is found that social support has a positive effect on physical exercise behavior,but there is a difference in the social support to self-efficacy path.In the normal-weight adolescent model,this path is significant(P<0.05),while in the overweight adolescent model and the obese adolescent model,the path is not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:(1)The "Adolescent Social Support Scale","Overall Self-Esteem Scale",and "Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale" have good reliability and validity,and they are suitable for normal-weight,overweight,and obese adolescents.(2)Normal-weight adolescents are more likely to obtain social support than obese adolescents,have higher self-esteem,sense of self-efficacy,and are able to participate more actively in physical exercise.(3)There is a significant correlation between social support,self-esteem,self-efficacy,and physical exercise behavior variables.The higher the scores of social support,self-esteem,and self-efficacy,the better the promotion of physical exercise behavior.(4)Social support does not directly affect physical exercise behavior,but it can be positively influenced by self-esteem,self-efficacy chain mediation and self-efficacy mediation.In a multi-group analysis,adolescents with different body mass indexes play a moderating role in social support and self-efficacy pathways.For adolescents with normal weight,social support can act on physical exercise behavior through self-efficacy,while for overweight and obese adolescents,it cannot act on physical exercise behavior through self-efficacy. |
PDF Full Text Request