A Study On The Impact Of Children Under 3 Years Old’s On The Employment Of Floating Population ——An Empirical Test Based On The Perspective Of Social Gender

Under the background of China’s continuous urbanization and industrialization development,along with the continuous expansion of the scale of floating population,the model of population flow also presents a trend of family.Considering that the economic imbalance between different regions is the main reason for the migration of floating population,this paper links the family migration with the economic activities of floating population,and discusses the influence of the accompanying migration of children under3 years old on the employment of floating population.In the process of family-oriented migration,family-employment conflict makes the employment trajectory of female floating population different from that of male floating population,so this paper will further explore the gender differences in the employment of floating population.Theoretical framework,this paper mainly based on the theory of social gender of children under the age of 3 trailing to discuss the influence of floating population employment,at the same time,based on the analysis of family division of labor,intergenerational support and organizational support children under the age of 3 trailing of the floating population employment sex differences in the internal influence mechanism and potential problems and the corresponding research hypothesis is put forward.Based on the dynamic monitoring survey data of China’s floating population in2018,the POI data of various prefecture-level cities in 2018 and the urban statistical yearbook data in 2018,this paper systematically analyzes the employment development status of the floating population by establishing a multi-level model and a generalized multi-level model.At the same time,the sample of floating population is redivided to analyze the gender difference between male and female floating population in familywork conflict.In order to verify the reliability of the results,this paper uses propensity merit matching to test the robustness of the empirical results.The results show that:First,compared with male floating population,female employment participation rate is lower when children under the age of 3 move with them.However,family support and organizational support of grandparents move with children under the age of 3 help to alleviate the negative impact of migrant women’s employment participation,but the support effect is not significant for men.Second,the results of the career development of floating population show that the accompanying migration of children under 3 years old can significantly improve the occupational status of both sexes,but the improvement of the occupational status of female floating population is mainly moderated by the accompanying migration of grandparents and childcare institutions.Thirdly,the individual characteristics,family characteristics,floating characteristics and regional characteristics of floating population also have differences in the internal labor market of the group,and there are gender differences.Male and female floating population’s employment participation and occupational status also show significant heterogeneity.Based on the research findings,this paper proposes the following countermeasures and suggestions: First,the government,the market,enterprises and communities should develop high-quality and inclusive childcare services to solve the employment gender gap of floating population.Second,we will safeguard the basic rights and interests of grandparents and create conditions for their children to take care of their grandparents.Third,break the traditional gender concept and establish a new gender equality concept to reduce the family burden of female floating population.Fourth,expand the reeducation channels for female floating population and narrow the gender gap in employment.