| Population is the foundation of all economic and social activities and the primary condition for social development.Population changes directly reflect social changes.Population affects the development and progress of social economy.Therefore,population has become an important indicator to measure the social economy,survival and labor conditions of human beings.China is the world’s most populous country,with 1 412.6 million inhabitants at the end of 2021.Inner Mongolia was the first multi-ethnic autonomous region in China,with a total population of 24 million.The population structure and changes also have local characteristics.This thesis focuses on Abaga Banner in Inner Mongolia as an example,using questionnaires and household interviews,and combining quantitative and qualitative analysis to analyse changes in the age structure and gender structure of the population in Abaga Banner,and to explore the causes of changes in the natural structure of the population in pastoral areas and the impact they bring.Since reform and opening up,with the commodification of the Chinese economy,the process of industrialisation,urbanisation and increased population mobility,the population of pastoral areas has gradually changed.Population is an important factor for the sustainable development of pastoral areas,and natural demographic changes affect the size of the local human resource base and socio-economic development.The first chapter of this thesis is an overview of Abaga Banner,the research point.Abaga Banner is located in the north-central part of Xilingol League.It is mainly inhabited by Mongolians,but also by Han,Manchu,Hui and other ethnic minorities.The second chapter expounds the natural structure of the population of Abaga Banner.In 2020,the total population is 43,118,with 21,597 males,a ratio of 50.09%,21,521 females,a ratio of 49.91%,and a sex ratio of100.35%.The youth group has 4,422 people,with a ratio of 11.4%,the labor force group with 29,113 people,with a ratio of 74.9%,and the elderly group with 5,313 people,with a ratio of 13.7%.By analyzing the natural structure of the population of Abaga Banner through the two variables of gender and age,the following characteristics are suarized: First,the population growth of Abaga Banner is a trend of rising and falling.Secondly,The proportion of young children and adolescents is decreasing year on year,while the proportion of older people was increased,so that the dependency ratio of children and adolescents continued to decrease,and the dependency ratio of the elderly group gradually increased.Furthermore,Abaga Banner has entered an aging society,and the population age pyramid has entered a stage of "spindle" narrow at both ends and wide in the middle.The third chapter analyzes the changes of the natural structure of the population in pastoral areas mainly from the implementation of population policy,economic development,education popularization,medical development,changes in fertility concept and other factors.The fourth chapter is the impact of changes in the natural structure of the pastoral population.The main effects are a shortage of labour in pastoralist areas,a reduction in teaching and educational resources in schools,and a loss of traditional culture.The proportion of young people is decreasing,while that of older people is increasing.This imbalance in the age structure leads to an ageing population.On the one hand,it brings about a shortage of labor in pastoral areas,the loss of vitality of pastoral communities,and the reduction of pastoral production practitioners and successors.On the other hand,the reduction of the young and juvenile population has made related children’s clothing,mother and baby stores,and toy stores,while the growth of the elderly population has promoted the elderly,medicine,health care,and elderly services.This affects the comprehensive,integrated and balanced development of the economic layout of the pastoral market. |
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