Negri And Hart’s Theory Of Immaterial Labor

Negri and Hart regard the change of labor as the key to understanding the change of social existence,and designate the new form of labor as immaterial labor and conduct research accordingly.The emergence of immaterial labor theory has its profound times and ideological origins.Negri and Hart observed that during the period of neoliberal capitalism,the mode of production organization changed from"Fordism" to "Post-Fordism",and the form of social organization changed from"disciplinary society" to "control society".Corresponding to the transformation of labor forms,immaterial labor gradually replaced material labor as the dominant labor form.In terms of ideological resources,by absorbing Marx’s insightful analysis of immaterial labor and the concept of "general intelligence",using Foucault’s"biopolitics" understanding framework,and integrating the autonomous school’s thinking on immaterial labor,it has formed its own unique The immaterial labor theory.The concept of immaterial labor has been continuously enriched and developed since it was put forward.Later,in response to the question that immaterial labor is also material,this kind of labor was called "biopolitical labor",adding a revolutionary dimension to it.At the same time,immaterial labor has shown some characteristics in the process of development: it gradually occupies a dominant hegemonic position in the form of labor,the labor process gradually penetrates into life,forming an unstable labor group,and the interaction of the main body in the labor process and cooperation and sharing are constantly enhanced.Of course,immaterial labor,as a new means of increasing capital value,also faces the dilemma of its own development.Capitalism adopts strict control strategies,immaterial labor is alienated,and the fruits of immaterial labor are occupied by capital.The so-called "substantial absorption" of labor by capital.But Negri and Hart believe that immaterial labor contains an inherent subjectivity beyond capital,originating from the many themselves,when an open social relationship between capital and labor is established,through the internal politics of the many and the full possession of " commonality”,can achieve liberation and autonomy against the logic of capital.As a new dominant form of labor under the background of social transformation, immaterial labor has become an important way of life for contemporary people and an important source of wealth creation.Negri and Hart’s immaterial labor theory provides a theoretical basis for us to deeply grasp the status quo of immaterial labor in the current capitalist environment,and enriches the Marxist labor theory,but the analysis of the relationship between capital and labor is idealistic.Color ignores the material basis of immaterial labor and overestimates the political liberation potential of labor subjects.