From "norm" To "standard

The " Code of Urban Residential District Planning ＆ Design " is a national standard in the field of urban and rural planning that has been promulgated the earliest,has the widest scope of application and has been revised most frequently.It has played an important role in regulating the planning and construction of residential areas.In2018,the latest edition of the "Planning and Design Standards for Urban Residential Areas" was officially promulgated and implemented,providing strong technical support for the planning and construction of residential areas in the new era.It has been 24 years since the implementation.In the critical period of the reform and transformation of my country’s territorial space planning,the implementation of the new "Standard" is also facing the dual pressure of opportunities and challenges.This thesis summarizes the historical process of the evolution of technical standards for residential areas and the background of the times of their promulgation,and compares the content changes of different versions,to analyze the influencing factors and underlying causes of the changes,and provide a reference for the application of the new "Standard" in practice.First,sort out the historical process of technical standards for residential areas,and analyze the background of the promulgation and revision of different "standards".In the early days,the control and guidance of the construction of residential areas was mainly carried out in the form of government documents.In 1980,the "Interim Regulations on Urban Planning Quota Indicators" was promulgated for the first time in the form of departmental legislative documents to stipulate various technical contents and quota indicators in urban planning.The later "Code for Planning and Design of Urban Residential Areas" was split and refined from this document to form specialized technical standards for residential areas.Influenced by a series of factors such as changes in the needs of different residents,population structure problems,changes in government functions,grass-roots system adjustments,housing and land system reforms,and engineering practice experience,the "Code" has been revised four times,and finally formed the current "Code".Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Standards.Secondly,mainly for the changes of the 18 th edition of the "Standard" and the 16 th edition of the "Specification",through a detailed comparison of the content of the provisions,summed up the three aspects of the content of the provisions,the organization model,and the supporting facilities to conduct a systematic comparative analysis,and analyze the changes in each item.The characteristics are analyzed and summarized,and the reasons for the changes are analyzed and interpreted.The changes in the content of the articles are analyzed from three aspects: framework,general provisions and basic regulations;the changes in organizational models are analyzed from three aspects: grading models,basic units and spatial boundaries;changes in supporting facilities are analyzed from the perspective of transportation organization,green space system and supporting facilities are analyzed.Finally,in view of the application of the new "Standard" in practice,it proposes coping strategies based on the "Standard" from the aspects of community governance,urban management,and planning.Standards are all products of a certain historical development stage,and cannot exist independently of the level of economic and social development at that time.However,the technical standards of residential areas need to be continuously adjusted and improved with the improvement of residents’ demands.