Research On Jade Unearthed From Qin In Zhou Dynasty

Qin dynasty once played an extremely important role in our history which inherited Shang and Zhou dynasties,meanwhile established the system for Han and Tang dynasties.The study of unearthed jade of Qin dynasty is also very important for Qin culture and ancient jade.This article mainly review the jade of Qin in detail to establish the framework of its development,and try to make a further discussion on the ideology and religious beliefs of Qin.The research scope is the jade unearthed of Qin before the unification of China.It is divided into four terms and six periods by typology:the first term includes period 1 and 2,which is from the late Western Zhou to the early Spring and Autumn period,the lower limit is to the early period of the middle Spring and Autumn period;The second term is the third period which is from the middle spring and autumn period to the late Spring and Autumn period;The third term is the fourth period which is from the late Spring and Autumn period to the early Warring States period;The fourth term includes period 5 and 6 which is from the middle Warring states period to the end of the Warring states period.Qin's jade grain to dragon,PAM bitter,tao cable lines,YunLei prints and vortex lines and lines,using line carve more,hollow out,polishing,tunnel hole,trimming,etc.Compared with the jade in other areas,the decoration techniques used by the Qin are less in variety and monotonous in style,they prefer the square return-back dragon pattern with rigid lines.The proportion of decorative jade wares is small.Compared with the complicated jade wares of Zhou culture,the simple pragmatism advocated by the Qin people,as well as the national character of warlike and bold are fully manifested in the jade wares.The cultural factors of Qin's jade are diversified and complicated,which is related to the frequent exchanges and developed commercial traffic in various countries in the period of Eastern Zhou.From the late Western Zhou dynasty to the Spring and Autumn period,the jade wares unearthed in Qin were largely influenced by the traditional culture of Western Zhou.After the middle and late spring and autumn period,with the continuous growth of the eastern countries,the cultural factors in different countries also infiltrated and influenced each other,so features of Qin's jade combines with those of other countries.At the same time,the appearance of early cultural relics,such as Qijia and Hongshan,also reflects the cherishing and utilization of early jade by the Qin people.Combing of the position,quantity and combination of jade from tombs and sacrificial remains,it can be found that in Qin's graveyard,bi and GUI were rarely used at the same time.In the early and middle Spring and Autumn period,there was basically no bi buried in the tombs.After the middle Spring and Autumn period,bi gradually used for corpses.On the other hand,the guiyu is the opposite.It mainly appeared in the tombs before the early Warring states period,with jade as the etiquette,and rarely to see the guiyu and bi in one tomb,which reflects that the Qin people have different systems for the use of different types of jade.In addition,Qin's clothing used jade,such as ear ring,all kinds of string ornaments,etc.,their decorative function is strengthened,but the etiquette and hierarchical significance gradually weaken with time passing by.The Qin people used jade wares such as bi,gui,cong,huang in sacrificial activities,and the sacrificial wares were also different in shape and structure,among which the natural gods such as sun,mountains and rivers were the majority,and the use of jade was rarely seen in ancestor sacrificial rites.The sacrificial jade treatment is used fire and buried which could be observed in archaeological remains,besides other treatments are recorded in documents.