| There are three towns in Heshuo that were once three military powers located in the Hebei area.When the separatist rule by military governors began in the late Tang Dynasty,they formed after the An Lushan Rebellion.The three towns were referred to as:Youzhou(Lulong),Chengde(Zhenyi),and Weibo.It is the product of the government's behavior which is drawing the legacy of An Lushan and Shi Siming in Hebei to the government's side.The military town's were once named "Three towns in Heshuo" or "Three towns in Hebei".As accustomed,local military commissioners in the three towns usually follow the rule or saying of "son inherit father,brother inherit brother".This means that they are supported by their own town's generals.Generals control the local military town's of all tax and self-appoint the civilian and military attache to control the army,this formed the "Story of Heshuo".On the premise which is not denying the truth of these three towns in Heshuo's separatist regime,we have to admit there are strong existing connections between local military towns in Heshuo and the Central Government of the Tang Dynasty.These connections can be seen in politics,economics,culture,and so many more aspects.There is a special relationship that consists of separation and dependence between them.In order to change this situation,the Tang Dynasty sent troops to conquer on many occasions.They would also offer amnesty and enlistment to rebels by rewarding huge sums,promoting,and offering marriage to princesses.This long-term effort succeeded in a partial period,but eventually failed.The Tang Dynasty achieved the change of policy from insisting on Military unification to shunt and marginalization in this process.Both sides have generated a large number of examples at the level of personnel transfer.In this big political context,the personnel transfer about local military commissioners and their family members from Heshuo to the central government has become a sensitive indicator of the political relationship between the two sides.Although most of the local military commissioner are famous for their obstinate and unruly ways,still a part of them gave up separatist regime and turned to the government with their whole family.Some local military commissioners didn't enter the government,but most of their family members did.What needs to be emphasized is,local military commissioners and their family members' personnel transfer have their particularities,compared with normal personnel transfer about civilian and military attache.It more truly reflects the dynamic changes in the political relationship between Heshuo and the central government.This article examined and discussed the examples regarding the local military commissioners and their family members transfer to the central government of the Tang Dynasty in Weibo,Chengde,and Youzhou,the three towns.Among them,who are in Weibo,the Tian Hongzheng family and Shi Xiancheng family.These two families made a political plan to turn to the government and leave Heshuo.This meant deviation from local interest group,influenced by the proactive military policy adopted by the government when Tang Dezong and Tang Xianzong were leading the Tang Dynasty.They stood the test of attack from other local military commissioners' guard and army riots during their departure from Heshuo.There was the same situation for the Li Baochen family and Wang Wujun family in Chengde.Personnel transfer of the Li Baochen family was incomplete,only Li Weijian transferred to central.The Personnel transfer of the Wang Wujun family happened gradually.From the transfer of Wang Shizhen,brother to Wang Chengzong,another brother in the Wang Wujun family.This Family completed the personnel transfer which also meant breaking away from Heshuo through two generations in the family,two dynasties led by Tang Xianzong and Tang Muzong.It was largely influenced by the proactive military policy adopted by the government when Tang Dezong and Tang Xianzong led the Tang Dynasty,Although the form and details are different from Weibo.Shi Xiancheng from Weibo and Wang Wujun from Chengde all have a history of rebellion.Under the influence of the final political stance and the key record during war,their political position and contribution turned into their brother and their son's legacy,as well as good treatment from the central government of the Tang Dynasty.Youzhou also has its own particularity,compared with the other two towns,which reflected in personnel transfer aspects is a longer time span and an increasing trend.In the Early Youzhou,Zhuci,brother's Liuyong and Liuyuan turn to government is more like a result of a power struggle within the local military commissioner family,compared with Weibo and Chengde.Liuzong in Youzhou turned to the government because of the influence of military pressure.And in the late Youzhou,there are frequent civil disturbances.Even 8 local military commissioners turned to the government or wanted to turn.The reasons why Youzhou had a stronger transfer trend than the other two towns are:Youzhou facing the military pressure from Northern minorities,pressure from other military towns and government all the time,and local military commissioner inherit by soldiers who usually only understand the military and not the government.They would eventually be overthrown by their subordinates because of their brutality.On the other hand,central government has given up the military way to unified Heshuo,the only political way to continue their formal domination.This established the government's superior position among the local military commissioners in Youzhou.The capital city became synonymous with political refuge for Youzhou's local military commissioners.Additionally,this kind of influence and attraction did not diminish as the Tang Dynasty was about to be destroyed.From the perspective of distribution of time and trends,Both Weibo's and Chengde's transfer examples occurred before Tang Muzong dynasty.In addition,the transfer examples of Youzhou exist through the mid-late Tang,also present a strengthening trend. |
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