Research On Qingdao Port Trade During The Period Of German Occupation And Japanese Occupation (1898-1922)

As early as before the Cerman occupation period,the trade in Qingdao area had already taken on a considerable scale.The trade scope was very broad,and the southern provinces were its main trade objects.Qingdao coastal trade commodities numerous,to the north and south specialty as import and export bulk commodities.The coastal trade of Qingdao before the opening of the port laid the foundation for the later port trade.When Germany forcibly occupied Qingdao,and the Kiaochow customs opened,the modern Qingdao port trade began to rise.After more than 20 years,its port trade whether it is direct foreign trade,domestic trade in local goods and entrepot trade thanks to the modern system of Qingdao port,the free port and the expansion of port hinterland,trade volume increasing.Under the influence of the war in modern China,political events,natural disasters and silver currency,port trade at Qingdao fluctuated sharply in its growth.In German occupation period,Qingdao international trade major object affected by the regime change,from Germany to Japan,the commodity structure changes in market demand and hinterland of industry development,the export of agricultural and sideline products,handicrafts,mineral resources and a small amount of products,all kinds of imported foreign goods in twenty years great changes have taken place.It reflected the Qingdao port trade "change" one side.On the other hand,because of the particularity of Qingdao and Shandong province in the economic region,Qingdao and Shandong province must establish complementary economic ties with other countries and region in order to meet the market demand,so the main domestic trade object for Shanghai,domestic trade import and export goods,such as kerosene,dyes,sugar,paper,metal parts,peanuts,peanut oil,fruit,vegetables and so on have been accounted for relatively stable.It reflected the Qingdao port trade "unchanged" stable side.If from the perspective of the evolution of the whole Qingdao trade,the port trade in Qingdao during the period of German and Japanese occupation played a role in connecting the preceding and the following,inheriting the coastal trade in Qingdao before the occupation of German to some extent,and establishing the development pattern of the port trade in Qingdao after 1922.During this period,its trade balance also experienced a change from unfavorable trade balance to favorable trade balance,and the terms of trade changed from favorable to deteriorating,which made the Qingdao port trade present a complex face during the period of German and Japanese occupation.