| Rural settlements,as a form of spatial population concentration in rural areas,are places where rural population lives,live,and engage in productive activities,and are an important part of China's rural land use.As an important measure to promote poverty alleviation and development in our country,ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation is of great significance to poor farmers to“pull out the roots,move the poor nests,and remove the poverty hats”.Poverty alleviation and relocation is a systematic project of community reconstruction and reconstruction,which involves population redistribution,resource and environment coordination,and is related to the problem of the relocation of the relocated households,the demolition of old houses,the change of residence mode and other issues.The implementation of this immigration policy has a significant impact on the spatial pattern of rural settlements.The spatial reconstruction of rural settlements in the context of relocation and poverty alleviation is an important way to carry out land consolidation,realize the intensive development of land resources,and then promote rural and agricultural modernization.Therefore,in the context of the immigration policy of ex-situ poverty alleviation and relocation,the in-depth analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural residential land use,the rational construction of the evaluation index system of rural residential layout suitability,the scientific assessment of the rural residential layout suitability,and the formulation of diversification The differentiated spatial reconstruction plan for rural settlements is an inevitable requirement for rural development.On the basis of literature review,this article takes the location theory and sustainable land use theory as guidance,and takes Libo County in Guizhou Province as the research area,and uses the land use change survey data,socioeconomic data and 2015 in Libo County in 2015 and 2019.Based on other statistical data,with the help of Arc GIS 10.2 software,an empirical analysis of the spatial reconstruction strategy of rural settlements in the context of ex-situ poverty alleviation and relocation was proposed,and a reasonable spatial reconstruction strategy of rural settlements was proposed to lay out rural settlements in Libo Optimization provides a reference basis.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The total area of relocated rural households in Libo County is 38.97hm~2.The maximum per capita residential area in each township is 54.25m~2and the minimum is 39.65m~2.The difference in land area per capita of relocated rural households is not obvious,and the maximum per capita residential area is 220.55m~2.The minimum residential area per household is 156.15m~2,and the difference in the average residential area between households in the townships of Libo County in the area is relocated.The relocated rural settlements are mainly distributed in the high-altitude area of 750m-900m and the mid-slope area of 6°-15°.In this part of the area,the transportation is inconvenient and the ecological environment is bad,which limits the development of rural settlements to a certain extent.There are significant differences in land use at the plaque and township scales in the resettlement poverty alleviation and relocation farms in Libo County.The average plaque area in Chaoyang Town is 208.83m~2and the coefficient of variation is 0.45 at the minimum.The layout of residential areas tends to be concentrated.The variability of the patch area of the residential area in Maolan Town is at most 0.75.The residential area has a large degree of dispersion,the layout tends to be scattered,and the land use efficiency is low.The average area of 2,250 settlements in the county is173m~2,which is lower than the average of 56.36%of the total settlements.The overall size of the settlements is mainly concentrated in 50?300m~2,accounting for 87.16%of the total settlements of relocated farmers in the county.(2)Before the poverty alleviation and relocation(2015),the total area of rural residential areas in Libo County was 1534.43hm~2.The rural residential areas generally showed large-scale,low-density,small-scale,and high-density distribution characteristics.After the relocation of poverty alleviation(2019),the total area of rural residential land in Libo County is 1752.19hm~2.The land of rural residential land in the county has increased by 217.76hm~2compared with the previous one,and the size of rural residential land in all towns is increasing.In the context of relocation and poverty alleviation,the density of plaques in rural settlements in Libo County increased,the average plaque area decreased,the concentration of land in rural settlements was low,and the layout of settlements tended to be scattered.Changes in land use dynamics of rural settlements at the county level:During the period2015-2019,the new rural settlements of farmers'houses in Libo County have an area of 960.74hm~2.The poverty alleviation,relocation and rehabilitation of farmland is linked to the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land.The spot areas are 38.97hm~2and 704.01hm~2,and the net increase in rural residential spots is217.76hm~2.The dynamic degree of land use change in rural settlements is 3.55%.Changes in the land use dynamics of rural settlements at the township scale:The changes in the land use of rural settlements at the township level are significant.The changes in township dynamics from strong to weak are 9.75%,9.63%,7.56%,5.35%,4.87%,and 4.83.%,4.45%,2.43%,among which Jialiang Town has the most significant land use change,with a land use dynamic degree of 9.75%,and the lowest land use change dynamic degree change is Maolan Town,whose land use dynamic degree is 2.43%.The newly increased area of rural residential land in Libo County from 2015 to 2019 is mainly from cultivated land and forest land.The reduced residential land is converted into reclaimed land,and the direction of land use is mainly shifted to cultivated land.(3)Scientifically select 8 evaluation indicators from the three aspects of terrain conditions,location factors,and development status to build an evaluation index system for the layout suitability of rural settlements in Libo County,and estimate the evaluation results of the layout suitability of rural settlements in Libo County.On the basis of classification,combining the evolution characteristics of rural settlements in Libo County and the situation of relocated population in the context of relocation and poverty alleviation,the spatial reconstruction of rural settlements in Libo County is divided into urban-rural integration,key development,preservation development and migration merger4 Kinds of types.Among them,the current rural settlement area of urban-rural integration is 725.83hm~2,accounting for 41.42%of the total rural settlement area in Libo County.The reconstruction strategy is mainly to scientifically guide the development of non-agricultural economy and improve the construction of public infrastructure.The land area of key development-type rural settlements is751.13hm~2,accounting for 42.87%of the total area of rural settlements in the county.The reconstruction strategy is mainly to strengthen the construction of central villages and improve public service facilities.The area of land reserved for development-type rural settlements are 215.29hm~2,accounting for 12.29%of the total area of rural settlements in the county.The reconstruction is mainly through controlling the disorderly expansion of rural settlements,constantly tapping the internal land use potential,and focusing on the development of villages with ethnic characteristics.The land area of the rural settlements for migration and merger is 59.94hm~2,accounting for 3.42%of the total area of the settlements.The restructuring strategy is mainly to complete the relocation work reasonably and to rehabilitate the settlements in the relocation areas.This paper uses the dynamics of land use and the land use transfer matrix to discuss the spatial evolution of rural settlements in the context of poverty alleviation and relocation based on the county level,and comprehensively analyzes the changes in land use in rural settlements under the influence of the policy of poverty alleviation and relocation.On this basis,the evaluation results of the suitability of the layout of rural settlements are calculated.Based on the evaluation results,combined with the actual situation of Libo County,the unique geographical environment,and the background of economic development,the urban-rural integration type,the key development type,the reserved development type,and the migration merger are divided.4 types of residential space reconstruction types,targeted layout optimization strategies,providing a new research idea for the spatial reconstruction of rural residential areas at the county level in mountainous areas.At the same time,the spatial reconstruction of rural settlements is a complex process involving multiple factors.This article may have shortcomings in the study time span,the reconstruction strategy and the refinement of the theoretical framework.In future research,we should strengthen the diversified and comprehensive research on the evolution process and laws of county rural settlements at different periods,the spatial reconstruction research framework system of rural settlements,and the optimization strategy of rural settlement layout.Point governance capability modernization provides decision-making reference. |
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