Russian, American, And Chinese Mechanisms Overlap In Central Asia: Phenomenon And Implications

At present,the main regimes existing in Central Asia are EEU(Eurasian Economic Union),(CST)Collective Security Treaty Organization,(SCO)Shanghai Cooperation Organization,(B&R)the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime silk Road,(“C5+1”)the mechanism of C5+1 and so on.These regimes very in hierarchical,structure and principle and among them,EEU and CST are aimed at a high degree of economic and security integration;SCO and B&R located respectively in a dialogue and cooperation platform,and generalized regime which emphasizing the collaborative process;America's New Silk Road Strategy and “C5+1” are complex-functioning regional regimes based on bilateral and multilateral relations.These regimes have resulted in overlapping member countries and institutional mandates in Central Asia,thus cooperation and competition not only produced between nation-states,but also between regimes,which provides a reference for the study of Central Asia.The research emphases of this paper are the influence of great power relations on regime interaction,the characteristics of the interaction between the regimes,and how do the Central Asian states influence the regional landscape through participation in multiple regimes.As world powers,China,Russia and America have important strategic interests in them.These major powers intend to gain strategic space in Central Asia by building self-directed international institutions of different levels.As an extra-regional country that has a deep connection with Central Asia,Russia was one of the first country to build integrated regional regimes like Collective Security Treaty Organization and Eurasian Economic Union to control the institution in Eurasia and enhance international competitiveness.The United States started with security,constructed the “New Silk Road” plan and the “C5+1” mechanism periodically,which creating strain on Russian security interests.Chinese economic development has a “spillover” effect,using the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the “Belt and Road” Initiative as intermediaries,which sharing achievements of economic cooperation with Eurasian continent countries,and intersecting with the scope of the Russian and American regimes.Central Asian countries have a vital geographical because of location of the middle of Eurasia,which generates them are facing the twin challenges of construction of political and national identity.Under the precondition that regional integration has not been built,by actively joining international institutions dominated by different powers,these countries can use the membership of regime to participate in International Affairs and strength the legitimacy of their actions.So,the Central Asian countries prefer to participate in regimes led by different powers,and to explore development opportunities and space in the interaction of regimes at this stage.Like states,the hierarchy,structure,and development goals of different regimes that exist in the same region will affect the external selection of the regime.For example,the institutional construction of the United States in Central Asia is influenced by the military sector,its actions therefore focus on the balance between power and interests,and the Central Asia strategy have obvious exclusivity.The Shanghai Cooperation Organization dominated by China,will stretches over the third world countries' cooperation model,emphasizing economic cooperation and the exchanges of equality and mutual benefit,focus on inclusive.As an established power in Central Asia,Russia has a evident power mentality,which attempted to consolidate their own strength through the establishment of regimes,but could not afford the economic needs of members.Thus,Russia initiate collaboration with third parties,whose behavior possess both exclusive and inclusive.In addition,as independent and sovereign states both internally and diplomatically,the Central Asian countries has their own foreign strategies,which are related to the construction of regional order as well.In their strategies,it's essential for them to play an independent and key role in regime building and realize the regional balance between different regimes by make full use of location advantages.Thus,Central Asian countries both participate in regional development as regimes members and they can be leveraged the regional regimes thus their actions not only strength exclusive and inclusive,but also advocate the use of multiple regimes.At present,the regime overlapping phenomenon in Central Asia has the following characteristics: first,the regimes in Central Asia are dominated by major powers like China,Russia and the United States,and Central Asian countries have joined the regimes as members selectively;secondly,regimes-building in Central Asia focuses on security and economic,and other cooperation is relatively small,the fields of cooperation will be adjusted according to time and countries or regional communities such as Afghanistan,Pakistan and India are also involved;finally,there is both cooperation and competition between the different regimes in Central Asia and shaped the regional order collectively.