A Comparative Study On The Influencing Factors Of Middle School Students' Reading Literacy Based On The PISA 2018 Assessment

With the acceleration of globalization,in the environment of knowledge economy,the competition for talents in the world is becoming increasingly fierce.To master talents means to seize the opportunity in the future international competition.Reading literacy is not only an important embodiment of personal competitiveness,but also an important indicator of a country's soft power.Thus,educators in various countries began to think about how to cultivate students' reading literacy.For our country,reading literacy is an important support for the development of Chinese core literacy.Therefore,it is particularly important to explore the influencing factors of middle school students' reading literacy.PISA is an assessment project for middle school students all over the world.It has a complete set of reading literacy assessment system.The assessment data provide an international comparative perspective for researchers all over the world.Firstly,this paper reviews the relevant literature on reading literacy at home and abroad,defines the core concepts involved in this study,and determines the empirical analysis direction of studying middle school students' reading literacy according to PISA reading literacy evaluation framework.Then,based on PISA 2018 data,this paper analyzes the overall situation and performance differences of middle school students' reading literacy in four provinces and cities of China,Singapore,Finland and the United States,and finally explores the factors influencing middle school students' reading literacy in these countries.From the perspective of international comparison,the United States and Finland are often used as a reference for other countries in the comparative study of big data in education;Singapore is located in Asia with China and has a similar cultural background with China,and has achieved the first and second results respectively in the recent two PISA assessments.It can be seen that the comparison with these countries will provide ideas and reference for the cultivation of middle school students' reading literacy in China.The results show that: first,students from four provinces and cities in China,Singapore,Finland and the United States perform well in PISA 2018 reading literacy assessment,which are all above the average level of OECD;second,there are significant differences in the performance of students in the four sub-scales of reading literacy;third,the reading literacy performance of students in the four countries is significantly affected by inter school differences;fourth,among the factors at the student level,ESCS index and reading meta-cognitive strategies have the most significant impact on the reading literacy performance of students in the four countries;fifth,the factors involved in the school level have a significant impact on the students' reading literacy performance in four provinces and cities of China,and have little impact on the students of the other three countries.From the perspective of the state,schools,teachers,parents and students,this study puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the cultivation of middle school students' reading literacy in China: first,we should improve policy-making and create an educational environment in terms of educational security;second,we should advocate multiparty cooperation in the process of education to expand educational space;third,we should pay attention to individual growth in terms of students' ability cultivation,develop comprehensive quality.