Exploring The Socialization Of Care Services For Infants And Young Children Aged 0-3

On May 19,2019,the State Council issued the guidance on promoting the development of care services for infants and young children under 3 years old,which proposed to establish and improve the policies and regulations system,standard system and service supply system to promote the development of care services for infants and young children,fully mobilize the enthusiasm of social forces,and carry out care services for infants and young children in various forms.It can be seen that the care of infants under 3 years old has begun to get the attention of the government and even the whole society.But even so,at present,China pays more attention to the care of children over 3 years old,the policies on the early care and family care needs of children under 3 years old need to be further improved,and the social services are still insufficient.Moreover,China’s child welfare policy is mainly manifested in the problem families and the marginal vulnerable groups who have lost their family support,and social welfare projects or actions are more concentrated in the families of special children.However,those families with relatively complete structure but infants under 3 years old are not able to benefit from the state’s support policies,and can only rely on the family’s self-protection,which,to a certain extent,ignores the economic and social costs of care for infants between 0 and 3 years old.This study mainly adopts three research methods: questionnaire survey,semi-structured interview and participatory observation,and uses spss26.0 statistical analysis software for descriptive analysis.Eight interviewees with 0-3-year-old children were selected to conduct in-depth interviews,and the status quo of family care of 221 0-3-year-old children in Shanghai and the current service supply of0-3-year-old children in Shanghai were investigated by snowballing.The results are as follows:(1)First of all,in terms of parenting responsibility,families bear almost all the responsibilities of parenting care.Among them,the mother and(maternal)grandfather / grandmother are the most important caregivers of 0-3 years old infants;there is an obvious gender division in family care,and the mother bears more parenting responsibilities than the father;the care of 0-3 years old infants shows obvious characteristics of intergenerational transfer.Secondly,in the process of care for 0-3-year-old infants,the family bears greater pressure.From the analysis of the intensity of care for family members and the conflicts between care activities and time,economy,work,family relations,there are different degrees of time conflict,economic conflict,family relations conflict,work conflict and so on.Thirdly,from the influencing factors of family care for 0-3 year old infants,there are significant differences in household registration factors,the nature of residence and family structure in family care and social care for 0-3 year old infants.(2)Secondly,Shanghai,as one of the earlier cities that pay attention to the care needs of0-3-year-old children,issued the relevant policies for the care of 0-3-year-old children before the State Council.In recent years,in the process of practice,Shanghai has formed many forms of nurseries,including independent nurseries,integrated nurseries,nurseries run by units,inclusive nurseries and nurseries run by social forces The kindergarten and child care system for infants aged 0-3.However,in the specific practice process,there are some challenges in the supply of care services for0-3-year-old infants in Shanghai,such as insufficient supply of nurseries and limited coverage of the population;fair support mechanism has not been established,social pressure to run nurseries and kindergartens is high;enrollment conditions and pricing restrictions of nurseries and kindergartens are high,and the subjective function of families is lost.(3)Thirdly,on the basis of learning from foreign 0-3-year-old infant care supporting policies,clarifying the positioning and objectives of China’s0-3-year-old infant care policies,and from the perspective of social support theory,this paper tries to build a welfare policy for 0-3-year-old infant care with family as the unit,and the specific ideas are to provide formal support for the government,including setting up special agencies and strengthening infant care The top-level design of care,the improvement of corresponding policies,the construction of care policy system,and the "quasi formal support" provided by the community;the collaborative support of social forces,including giving full play to the service advantages of professional service organizations,encouraging enterprises to establish nurseries and kindergartens,improving the market supervision system,and adhering to the principle of common development of publicity and marketization;the social support provided by personal network,including Family support and neighbor support.