Research On The Reform Of Curriculum Setting In Beijing Women's Higher Normal School (1908-1924)

Beijing Women's Higher Normal School,as the first modern women's higher education institution in China,has not only brought up a group of knowledgeable women who lead the times and have a profound influence on the development of modern women,but also demonstrated the track of female teacher training in China.As an important part of talent training,the educational idea and the goal of talent training in a university should be realized through curriculum.Therefore,curriculum is the most important carrier of talent training.Based on the historical data collected from 1908 to1924,this paper analyzes the history of Beijing Women's Higher Normal School from its inception,development,transformation to disappearance by historical analysis method,and analyzes the social background,educational aim,characteristics and effects of different stages of the curriculum,and finally draws some reflections on the reform of the curriculum.This study divides the historical evolution of Beijing Women's Higher Normal School from 1908 to 1924 into three stages: the first stage is the period of Beijing Women's Normal School(1908 to 1912),which was impacted by the western culture,and the curriculum began to introduce modern western science courses.But under the control of the educational idea of "Good Wife and Good Mother" in Chinese society,the curriculum paid more attention to the cultivation of moral character and housework skills,focusing on cultivating a group of qualified wives and good mothers.The second stage is the period of Beijing Women's Normal School(1912 to 1919),during which the bourgeois revolutionaries propagated the idea of "freedom and equality" and put forward the educational aim of "five educations".The curriculum was more diverse and practical,but in the later period of Yuan Shikai's "good wife and good mother",the curriculum was regressive.The third stage was the period of Beijing Women's Higher Normal School(1919 to 1924).Under the influence of the May 4th Movement of New Culture,the concept of equal rights in education was expanded and its educational aim changed to "Ultra Virtuous Wife and Loving Mother Doctrine" with the development of society and science and technology,and it became more democratic and scientific.Thus,a group of "new women" with independent personality were created.The curriculum of Beijing Women's Higher Normal School has undergone many changes during 1908-1924,which is a response to different factors,such as the social background,the change of women's educational aim and the reform of school system.The change from "virtuous wife and loving mother" to "independent new women" not only reflects the change of Chinese women's consciousness from traditional "virtuous wife and loving mother" to "social man" and then to "modern man",but also reflects the historical process of awakening and transformation of "new women" 's subjective consciousness since modern times in China,and leaves a lot of valuable enlightenment for us to think about the education of women and the training of women teachers.