A Comparative Study On Characteristics Of Chinese And American Textbook Review In Basic Education

Basic education is the most important part of the educational system in China.Textbook,as an important guarantee for personnel training,are an important part of basic education.How to evaluate textbook scientifically and correctly has become a problem that basic education must face.Our government has been actively exploring the reform and development of textbook review in the stage of basic education,but it is still facing new problems and challenges.As a representative of the developed countries in economy and education,America has made a bold and beneficial exploration in textbook review.The purpose of this paper is to sort out the development stages of textbook review in China and America,sort out the basic content and development characteristics of each stage of textbook review,and compare the similarities and differences of subjects,standards,procedures and management mechanisms between China and America.The specific problems are as follows: what is the development process of textbook review in China and America? What are the characteristics of textbook review in China and America in different stages? What are the similarities and differences between the review of textbooks in China and America?This paper mainly finds that the review of textbooks in America and China can be divided into three stages.The characteristics of slow germination period of America(from 1776 to 1982)include the coexistence of state and local governments as the review subjects,extensive and vague review standards,unified curriculum service,regular review of review procedures,but focusing on the use of textbook,and the establishment of laws on the management mechanism,but the management is relatively loose.In the period from 1983 to 2009,the review system of the subject was further developed,including the standard of the review of the subject.And refinement and improvement period(from 2010 to date),including the participation of the third-party organizations in the review subject,strong democracy;clear discipline and strong operability in the review standards;strict standardization in the review procedures and improvement of quality tracking;decentralized management in the management mechanism,with great differences among states.In China's initial exploration period(from 1949 to 1984),the review subject was mainly centralized leadership of the state,with obvious centralization color;the review standard referred to the syllabus,which had a strong political color;the review procedure was the integration of compilation and review,which was not independent;the management mechanism experienced repeated adjustments,and finally established a highly unified national customization.The characteristics of the transition period(from 1985 to 2013)include standardizing the preparation team on the review subject,gradually decentralizing the power of examination and selection;establishing and perfecting the rules of textbook examination and approval in the review standard,focusing on the subject research;realizing the separation of editing and reviewing in the review procedure,optimizing the review procedure;opening the examination and approval system in the management mechanism and strengthening the system guarantee.The characteristics of the comprehensive deepening period(from 2014 to date)include: the review subject tends to be specialized and diversified;the review standard is scientific and the discipline is strengthened;the review procedure is standardized and long-term strengthened;the management mechanism is modernized and systematic.Through comparison,it is found that the review subjects of the two countries are diversified,but the national macro-control strength is not the same,the third-party organizations and the degree of public participation are also different;there are common review dimensions in the review standards,but the degree of refinement and operability are not the same;a set of relatively standardized review process has been formed in the review process,but there are differences in public deliberation;On the management mechanism,there are clear hierarchical management mechanisms,but the coverage of specific mechanisms is different.From the historical development and comparison of the similarities and differences between the two countries,it can be found that part of the experience of America has great reference and Enlightenment for the construction of textbook review in China,including promoting the diversification of review subjects and forming a joint force,strengthening the discipline attribute of textbook review standards,improving the standardization and transparency of review procedures,and enhancing the legalization of textbook review management mechanism.