A Study On The Educational Strategies And Measurements For The Improvement Of The Ability Of Teaching In National Commonly-used Language And Characters Of Minority Teachers

National Commonly-used Language and Characters(Putonghua and Chinese Characters,simplified as “the national standard language”)is the basic language and characters of education and teaching in China,which puts forward higher requirements for the language competence of minority teachers.Improving the ability of teaching in the national standard language of minority teachers is not only the need to implement the national language policy,but also the strategic need to strengthen Chinese cultural identity and build a strong sense of the Chinese nation community,as well as the realistic need to promote the professional development of minority teachers and improve the quality of minority education.However,the related researches still mainly focus on the testing and improvement of Putonghua level of minority teachers as the general public,while the researches on the improvement of the ability of teaching in the national standard language is few,and the research results are not sufficiently pertinent.This study,from the dual perspectives of adult education and applied linguistics,takes minority teachers in compulsory education in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province as a case,and studies the improvement of the ability of teaching in the national standard language of minority teachers by means of literature,questionnaire survey and interview survey,which includes four parts: discussing the theoretical basis for improving the ability,investigating the current status of the improvement of the ability,revealing the factors influencing the improvement of the ability,and proposing the effective educational strategies and measurements for the improvement of the ability.In this study,the ability of teaching in the national standard language refers to the ability of teachers to use Putonghua and Chinese characters for classroom teaching,which consists of two parts: the cognitive ability and expression ability of the national standard language.From the two dimensions of cognitive ability(the cognition of noumenon,the importance and the related teaching elements of the application ability)and expression ability(the scientific and artistic level of expression),through the questionnaire survey of 784 minority teachers and the interview survey of 12 teachers in compulsory education in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture,it is found that the ability of teaching in the national standard language of minority teachers is generally high,but there is still much room for improvement,and the main factors that affect the improvement of the ability come from the four levels of teachers,schools,students,and education and training.Based on the results of the investigation and analysis,combining the main views of communicative competence theory and adult transformative learning theory,this study puts forward some educational strategies and measurements for the improvement of the ability of minority teachers,such as stimulating the endogenous motivation,creating a good language environment and atmosphere of the improvement of the linguistic competence,strengthening the independent learning,strengthening the targeted education and training,perfecting the assessment system and improving the professional standards,etc.The uniqueness of the research is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First,the linguistic competence of minority teachers is studied from the dual perspectives of adult education and applied linguistics,which expands the research perspective of minority teachers' professional development.Secondly,it puts forward the view that language has three basic attributes: instrumental,cognitive and cultural,and it is a combination of communicative tools,cognitive methods and cultural symbols,which consolidates the theoretical foundation of the research.Thirdly,it focuses on the comprehensive application ability of minority teachers to use the national standard language for classroom teaching,rather than the basic application ability such as Putonghua level.And the ability of teaching in the national standard language is regarded as a communicative competence,and psychological cognitive factors are included in its components.Fourthly,based on the communicative competence theory and adult transformative learning theory,it is proposed that the key to improve the ability of teaching in the national standard language of minority teachers lies in the breakthrough of cognitive thinking and cultural psychology,and the important role of irrational factors such as emotion and attitude should be brought into full play.