Analysis And Enlightenment Of Physics Teaching Resources And Exhibition Teaching Mode Of Science And Technology Museums In China And America

For a long time,physics teaching resources have drawn wide attention.As an important part of physics teaching resources,Science and Technology Museum also received extensive attention of experts and scholars.There have been many researches about the science and Technology Museum layout,design and etc.,but there are few researches on statistics sorting,distribution and classification of Sino-US science and technology museums in different provinces and there is no specific in-depth study of physics teaching resources and the exhibition teaching mode for Science and Technology Museums in China and America.The study consists of three parts:The first part,statistical survey on the number and basic situation of science and technology museums in China;Statistical survey of the number and basic situation of science and technology museums in the United States.This study sorted out 909 names of science and technology museums in various provinces,municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions according to "China Association for Science and Technology 2018 Business Development Statistical Bulletin".Science and technology museums in various states and Washington,D.C.add up to 682.In terms of quantity,there is a larger number of science and technology museums in China,indicating that China is constantly promoting the construction of science and technology museums.Meanwhile,the amount of museums in the United States is still large,but there are not many specialized science and technology museums,while botanical gardens,zoos,aquariums and so on account for the majority.The distribution of Chinese science and technology museums is uneven within each province,while that of American science and technology museums is well-distributed in each state.With the analysis of Sino-US science and technology museums,the author found most Chinese science and technology museums are comprehensive science and technology museums in terms of the classification of science and technology museums.Most science and technology museums in the United States are specialized science and technology museums,appearing in clusters.They not only exhibit science and technology,but also attach importance to science education and art cultivation.Therefore,the following research selects the science and technology museums with distinguished characteristics of the two countries for exhibition.The second part,study on physics teaching resources in Chinese Science and Technology Museum and Exploratorium: A selection of science and technology museums were introduced based on the census,and the Chinese Science and Technology Museum(Beijing)and The Exploratorium were studied in depth.The steps are:investigate the Exploratorium and read its exhibit collections,conduct field investigation of the Science and Technology Museum,and make up and display the exhibits according to the categories of mechanics,heat,acoustics,optics,electromagnetism,atomic physics,modern physics and their key points.The results show that mechanics and electromagnetism account for one third of the total exhibits in the physics teaching resources of China Science and Technology Museum.One fifth of the exhibits are devoted to optics;The exhibits of heat,acoustics,atomic physics and modern physics occupy a small proportion,which is consistent with the fact that mechanics is the basic knowledge and electromagnetism is the important knowledge.Among the exhibits of physics teaching resources of Exploratorium,the exhibits of optical theme are the most,accounting for 40.00%of the total number of exhibits.Electromagnetism and mechanics are next,each accounting for about 20 percent;There are fewer exhibits on thermal and acoustic topics,and more exhibits on optical topics are related to the characteristics of optical knowledge.In general,the exhibits on physics teaching resources in Science and Technology Museum tend to be displayed to children,primary school students and middle school students,and the contents of the exhibits are foundation knowledge.The exhibits on physics teaching resources at Exploratorium containing a wide range of in-depth scientific knowledge result in stimulating young people's enthusiasm for learning science knowledge.The two science and technology museums have their own characteristics.This paper summarizes the characteristics of the two science and technology museums in order to provide reference for the design of exhibits for science and technology in China,and provide teaching resources for middle school physics teaching.The third part,the research on the exhibition and teaching mode of physics teaching resources in Science and Technology Museum and Exploratorium: the Exploratorium and Science and Technology Museum were investigated,in which the exhibition modes related to science education were analyzed statistically according to the classification of exhibition modes.At the same time,active physics teaching resources carried out by Science and Technology Museum were investigated.Within exhibits relating to physics teaching resources at both museums,there is a largest proportion of interactive model exhibits,(58.24% and 70.83%),which is much higher than other exhibition model,suggesting that the two science and technology museum are aware of the advantages of the interactive exhibits,namely,to let visitors to explore,discover,and recreation,so that to achieve a good teaching effect.It is the consensus of science and technology museums in China and the United States that interactive exhibits have good teaching effect.In physics teaching,we can get inspiration that more interaction with students,and deep impressions on students can improve the teaching effect.Suggestions on the application of physics teaching resources in science and Technology Museum.Science and technology museum has abundant physics teaching resources,but the obvious problem of several curriculum reforms is the lack of teaching resources.If the physics teaching resources of science and technology museum can be applied to physics teaching,the shortage of teaching resources will be relieved.On the basis of summarizing the physics teaching resources in the science and technology museum,this paper puts forward two ways to make use of the physics teaching resources in the science and technology museum: video shooting and imitation.The video is based on the examples of the angry Top,jacobo ladder and Faraday cage,as well as the imitation of the jumping ring and ampere-force to be used by teachers in the physics teaching process.Reappearance and substitution of physics teaching resources in science and technology museum through video and imitation.Students is not directly touching to interact,immersive observed phenomenon,but through the video and generic substitution materials show,they can have more in-depth and intuitive understanding,and realize that the physical knowledge is closely related to actual life.We can stimulate students' interest in learning physics,cultivate the students' science literacy.Based on the above analysis,four levels of enlightenment are obtained: Middle school physics teachers should change their ideas,improve their abilities,pay attention to and use the resources of science and technology museum;Middle school students should go into the science museum and explore by themselves;Schools should provide opportunities to encourage teachers and students to make use of the museum resources;The science and technology museum should expand its thinking,diversify its development,make use of resources outside the museum and improve its educational effect.