Researh On The Cultivation Ofthe Ability Of Solvingmathematical Problems Of Thesenior Students In Primary School

Since the United States put forward the term "problem solving" in 1980,many countries have begun to attach importance to the cultivation of problem-solving ability,and China has also carried out detailed training on problem-solving ability in the "Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standards(2011)".In fact,the problem-solving is not only the core of mathematics learning,but also enables students to learn more useful knowledge,to apply this to real life and to exercise their thinking ability,which is in harmony with the Constructivism.At the same time,it can help students improve their problem-solving abilities not only in the field of mathematics but also in other subject areas,which deserves great attention from teachers and students.This research takes the mathematics teachers and some students in the Grade3-Grade5 of H Primary School in Harbin as the survey objects.The resesarch methods inlude a questionnaire survey and classroom observations.In the survey,it is found that teachers will focus on their teaching of the results of problem-solving,but lack the cultivation of students' other abilities;students are not active in problem-solving and do not think actively.Combined with the analysis of the survey results,there are the following problems in the problem-solving ability of the senior students of this primary school:(1)students lack the initiative to solve problems,(2)students do not review questions seriously,(3)students misunderstand the meaning of questions and lack of life experience,(4)students are weak in analyzing problems and lack of reflection and summary.In terms of teachers: firstly,the problems-situations teachers create is relatively simple;secondly,teachers do not pay enough attention to the training of problem solving;thirdly,teachers rely too much on books and have a shallow of understanding of problem-solving;finally,teachers have favoriates for formalized teaching.This study believes that the training of problem-solving skills should include: teachers' training of students' ability to discover and raise problems independently,training of understanding problem analysis skills,training of problem-solving skills,training of cooperative problem-solving skills.training of ability to examine and reflect on problems.Based on the theory of Constructivism,the solution strategies are proposed:(1)teachers improve their professional knowledge;(2)teachers construct good problem situations;(3)teachers cultivate students' ability to test and reflect,(4)students try thinking development training;(5)students carry out a reasonable cooperative learning model;(6)Students make reasonable use of old and new knowledge.