| As it has become a global trend to develop Artificial Intelligence education and cultivate Artificial Intelligence talents,China also issued the Artificial Intelligence Curriculum Standards for Primary and Secondary Schools in 2021,positioning Artificial Intelligence courses as comprehensive,practical and developmental courses.Emphasizing though the way of solving practical problems to cultivate students' ability to use intelligent technology,reflective ability and innovative design ability.Engineering thinking is such a kind of thinking method to help students solve practical problems.Cultivating engineering thinking is helpful to improve the logical,systematic and innovative characteristics of students' thinking.This study from the real demand of engineering education and Artificial Intelligence education in our country,combining the cultivation of engineering thinking and the Artificial Intelligence teaching,based on the practical problems lead the students to learn knowledge of Artificial Intelligence in engineering activities,to cultivate their engineering thinking habits,and to help them have a better understanding,reflection and innovation ability on intelligence technology.This study is carried out from the following aspects: first,combed the present situation of engineering thinking cultivation for primary and secondary schools and the present situation of Artificial Intelligence education,summed up the main requirements of the teaching research,and analyzed the importance of combining engineering thinking with Artificial Intelligence education.By referring to the successful instructional model of engineering thinking training in foreign primary and secondary schools and the Artificial Intelligence workflow,this study constructed the instructional model of Artificial Intelligence extended course oriented to engineering thinking training in junior middle schools.In the instructional model,the teaching activities start from constructing the background of real problems,guide students to learn basic knowledge principles and technical methods,and carry out engineering design activities with engineering planning,engineering design,engineering implementation,engineering evaluation and iteration and re-creation as the core.Finally,students will discuss how to solve problems in practical applications based on their own works,and conclude with knowledge,skills and experience to guide students to transfer what they learn in class to real life,and reflect on and understand the various impacts of technology on society.Based on the model,teaching cases of Artificial Intelligence extended courses in junior middle schools are designed,which include Computer Vision,Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning algorithm.To explore the validity of this instructional model,this study conducted the experiment at S school in Shanghai for one semester.Through the records and analysis of the experimental group and control group on engineering activities,the study obtained the implementation effects of the instructional model in students' engineering thinking level,self-efficacy,learning effect and the influence of comprehensive ability.This study found that the instructional model of AI extended courses for junior high students' engineering thinking cultivation can: 1)improve students' engineering thinking skills and help to develop students' reflective and innovative design skills for AI technology;2)help to improve students' engineering efficacy and helps to develop engineering thinking habits;3)help to improve students' academic performance as well as the collaboration ability. |
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