A Study On The Impact Of Childcare Styles On Women's Labor Supply

The aging of the population and the three-child policy not only increase the demand for child care,but also aggravate the work-family conflict among female caregivers.The current shortage of child care resources in China limits the release of the fertility rate,which in turn affects the three-child policy.Simultaneously,it will also have a negative impact on the stability of population structure,the improvement of labor supply and long-run economic growth.Therefore,it is significant to study the issue of child care in the context of the current new era goals of "fuller employment and create better quality jobs" and "ensuring access to child care".This paper attempts to explore the specific impact of different child care modes on women's labor participation,and the optimization path of child care modes through technical means,so as to ensure the improvement of women's labor participation level and promote the smooth implementation of the three-child policy.This provides theoretical guidance for family birth and care decision-making,and provides policy ideas for related departments to optimize care mode and employment environment.This paper systematically analyzes the impact of different child care modes on women's labor force participation using data from China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2016.Based on the two-period generation overlapping model and rational person utility maximization,this paper respectively demonstrates the theoretical mechanism of the influence of intergenerational care and child care on labor participation.On this basis,the discrete choice Probit model is used to empirically test the specific impact of child care modes on women's labor participation,and the possible endogeneity of IV-Probit control model is selected as instrumental variable.In order to test the robustness of the estimation results,the nearest neighbor matching,radius matching and kernel matching were used to re-estimate the model.Furthermore,in order to ensure the level of women's labor participation,the paper puts forward the optimization direction of child care and policy suggestions on this basis.The study found that after controlling for other factors,both intergenerational care and child care can significantly improve female labor force participation rate,and the above results remain unchanged after controlling for endogeneity with instrumental variables.The analysis of intergenerational care and child care in the same model found that the promoting effect of intergenerational care was greater than that of child care,and the results of the above studies passed the robustness test.Through heterogeneity analysis,it is found that the promotion effect of intergenerational care and child care on female labor participation is different in urban and rural areas,the number of children and the level of education.Women in urban areas are more likely to choose childcare;With the increase of the number of children,the promotion effect of the two kinds of care decreased.At the same time,compared with women with low education,child care has a greater effect on promoting the labor participation of women with high education.Furthermore,in order to guarantee the female labor supply level,this paper discusses the optimization direction of child care.Firstly,some policy suggestions are put forward,including constructing policy support system,providing economic support and service support.Integrate multiple resources to strengthen the guidance of intergenerational care.Secondly,from the perspective of the supply side and the demand side to optimize the child care.From the supply side,the population simulation results show that from 2022 to 2050,the number of children of 0-3 years old in China will exceed 30 million every year,and the shortage of professional childcare personnel may reach one million.Therefore,this paper proposes ways to improve the supply of public child care,including improving the relevant system and the construction of teachers,and providing diversified forms of child care service.Specifically,there are three directions: building child care service centers based on communities,developing the PPP model of public child care service,and encouraging enterprises to carry out flexible child care service.From the perspective of demand side,the critical value of child care subsidy can be obtained by constructing the subsidy model.When the child care expenditure is lower than the critical value,the family will face the subsidy;when the expenditure is higher than the critical value,setting the subsidy to zero is the best choice.It also points out that families with different needs of child care should be subsidized hierarchically and gradient,so as to realize the precision and popularization of child care subsidies and give full play to the maximum efficiency of financial subsidies.