| In the past ten years of the new era,with the rapid development of China’s economy and society,new problems have emerged in river and lake governance,such as river and lake pollution,artificial reduction of river and lake areas,and illegal sand mining in rivers and lakes.Rivers and lakes are an important part of ecological civilization.The health of rivers and lakes is closely related to my country’s social and economic development and the health and happiness of people’s lives.Therefore,the protection and management of rivers must be unremittingly explored and practiced by the whole society.In order to solve the problem of river and lake governance,in 2017,General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the requirement that every river must have a "river chief".In this context,the "River and Lake Chief System" began to be carried out in full swing in various places.The "River and Lake Chief System" means that party and government leaders at all levels serve as river and lake chiefs,and the river and lake chiefs are responsible for supervising and coordinating the water resource protection,waterfront management,and water pollution prevention and control of rivers and lakes under their jurisdiction,and A coordinated river basin governance system that urges or advises relevant responsible units to actively perform their duties according to law.It takes realizing the sustainable development of the ecological environment of rivers and lakes as its goal,takes overall planning and coordination of rivers and lakes as its institutional function,and regards pollution prevention and ecological protection of rivers and lakes as its responsibility fulfillment content.After more than 6 years of exploration and practice,the basic construction is based on the "Opinions on Comprehensively Implementing the River Chief System" and "Guiding Opinions on Implementing the Lake Chief System in Lakes" as the policy basis,based on the "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law" and "Yangtze River Protection The Law is the legal basis,and it is a complete set of systems and standards covering the responsibilities,operation,supervision,and accountability of " river and lake chiefs ".While achieving certain results,there are also many problems.In a certain sense,it also reflects that the legal development of the " River and Lake Chief System "is not perfect.On the one hand,it is the core system of the " River and Lake Chief System ",which specifically includes: First,the responsibilities of the " River and Lake Chiefs " are not unified,and different provinces have different understandings of the duties of river and lake chiefs,resulting in multiple responsibilities of river and lake chiefs in provinces,cities,counties,and townships.Or less,there are even" village-level river and lake chiefs " that violate the upper law;second,the inter-provincial coordination and linkage system of the " river and lake chief system " is not perfect,and local regulations lack organizational structures and work responsibilities for the inter-provincial coordination and linkage system Third,the external supervision is not perfect,the National People’s Congress supervision is absent,the procuratorial supervision is weak,and the public participation in supervision is insufficient;the fourth is the " river and lake chief system " accountability mechanism is not perfect,and the " river chief office " and relevant responsible units Accountability is not differentiated,and the deterrence of the " river and lake chief "accountability is insufficient,and the " river and lake chief " bears relatively light responsibilities.On the other hand,my country’s " river and lake chief system "legislative system is not yet sound,with strong policy dependence and lack of special legislation at the central level.Lake Chief System".Therefore,in the future development process,the legal construction of the "River and Lake Chief System" should be further strengthened.In terms of the legislative system,special legislation is chosen in the form of administrative regulations and coordinated with the work system of river and lake chiefs.Its composition should include general principles,organizational system,job responsibilities,working mechanism,assessment and accountability,supplementary rules,etc.aspects;localities should also raise the level of legislation.In terms of the core system,it is necessary to closely focus on the responsibilities of the "river and lake chief",the cross-provincial coordination and linkage,supervision mechanism,and accountability mechanism of the "river and lake chief system",so as to form a unified responsibility,effective coordination,strict accountability,Supervise the powerful rule of law system of rivers and lakes. |
