Research On Agricultural Ecological Efficiency And Influencing Factors In Northeast China

Agriculture is the foundation and pillar of national and regional economic development.As one of the essential grain production bases in China,the northeast region has abundant arable land resources and sui Tab.climatic conditions for crop production and plays a vital role in the supply of agricultural products and an active role in national food security.While grain production has steadily increased in recent years,problems such as increased agricultural surface pollution and ecological pressure on the environment have emerged in northeast China.Therefore,active and effective management measures are needed to promote the continuous improvement of northeast China’s agricultural ecological environment and achieve sustainable agricultural development.In the context of the country’s continuous promotion of green ecological development,it is of great significance to improve agricultural eco-efficiency and continuously promote agricultural ecological development and environmental protection.The development of sustainable agriculture must take ecological and environmental factors into full consideration to promote the transformation of agriculture to a sustainable environment for the better and achieve a win-win situation in terms of agricultural efficiency,quality,income and environmental protection.Therefore,in this paper,based on the current situation of agricultural development in Northeast China,we study and measure the situation of agricultural eco-efficiency in Northeast China,analyze the influencing factors of agricultural eco-efficiency in Northeast China,and propose five countermeasures to promote the sustainable progress of agriculture and ecology in Northeast China.This paper takes Northeast China and 41 prefecture-level cities as the research objects.It constructs a system of input and output indicators from economic efficiency,resource utilization efficiency,environmental pollution prevention and control,ecosystem protection,and farmers’ income.This paper compares the traditional agricultural input-output efficiency measured by the BCC model without non-desired outputs by data envelopment analysis(DEA)with the comprehensive agricultural ecological efficiency measured by the SBM model considering non-desired outputs.The comparison shows that the traditional agricultural input and output efficiencies from 2000 to 2020 are higher than agricultural ecological efficiency values.Therefore,we analyze them separately from the perspective of provincial differences,select the agricultural ecological efficiency that is more in line with the current status of agricultural development in society nowadays for in-depth study,explore how to achieve sustainable development while ensuring economic efficiency,and use the Tobit model to test the influencing factors.The following conclusions were eventually drawn:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the trend of agricultural ecological efficiency in northeast China shows a rising,then declining,then rising form;taking into account the inclusion of agricultural output into non-desired output,its agricultural ecological efficiency is significantly lower than that of traditional agricultural input-output efficiency without considering non-desired output.The overall trend with the capital letter "N" is shown during the study period.From 2000 to 2020,the northeast region of China has been actively promoting the improvement and enhancement of agricultural eco-efficiency,continuously strengthening policy guidance and implementation,and also actively carrying out agricultural eco-environmental protection and restoration work,strengthening the construction and management of agricultural.The construction and management of the ecosystem have improved the agricultural ecological efficiency and sustainable development.(2)From 2000 to 2020,according to the average value of traditional agricultural input-output efficiency without including desired output,from each prefecture-level city in the northeast region,there are more prefecture-level cities with an efficiency value of 1,and the changes are small with little ups and downs.Regarding spatial and temporal distribution,it shows a decreasing trend from northwest to southeast,with higher levels mainly distributed around the five eastern leagues in Inner Mongolia and Harbin City in Heilongjiang Province.According to the SBM model that incorporates non-expected output to measure agroecological efficiency,combined with the mean value of each region,the change in efficiency relative to traditional agricultural inputs and outputs is significant,and the number of prefecture-level cities with an efficiency value of 1 becomes significantly less.Regarding spatial and temporal distribution,the low levels in 2010 were concentrated in the eastern and western parts of Liaoning Province,with a general trend of high in the northwest and low in the southeast.The agroecological efficiency incorporating non-desired outputs is more in line with the real needs of agricultural development.(3)Finally,from two perspectives of agricultural production characteristics and economic environment,seven indicators were selected as explanatory variables,only the level of industrialization did not pass the significance test,and all of them had different degrees of influence on agro-ecological efficiency in northeast China,among which,agricultural cultivation structure,economic structure level,urbanization level,and farmers’ income level had significant positive effects on agro-ecological efficiency in northeast China;agricultural irrigation rate and The agricultural irrigation rate and the level of agricultural mechanization harm the agro-ecological efficiency of northeast China.Based on the results of the above analysis,relevant countermeasures are proposed: first,optimize the agricultural and industrial structure and improve the efficiency of water utilization;second,strengthen the management of agricultural mechanization and improve the agricultural ecological environment;third,improve the agricultural planting structure and promote the recycling of resources;fourth,promote the construction of urbanization level and improve the disposable income of farmers;fifth,strengthen the cultivation mechanism of talents and promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology.