| Human survival and economic development have an indispensable demand for fossil energy.With the increase of human energy consumption,fossil energy on the earth is slowly decreasing,and will disappear one day.In order to reduce the dependence of human society on fossil fuels and the resulting environmental pollution problems,and achieve the goal of sustainable social development,the development and utilization of clean energy is the only way for human social development.Among numerous clean energy sources,solar energy is undoubtedly the most widely used energy by humans today.Solar energy has advantages such as wide distribution,cleanliness,renewability,and pollution-free,and has considerable application prospects.But currently,the efficiency of human utilization of solar energy is generally low,and how to improve the conversion efficiency of solar energy has become a key research topic for scholars today.Solar panels are usually fixed installed,which has a significant impact on their power generation efficiency.This article mainly studies the solar dual axis tracking system,which controls the solar panels to constantly move towards the sun,thereby increasing the duration of the solar panels receiving light and thereby increasing power generation.On the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of several tracking methods,a hybrid tracking method(photoelectric tracking and solar trajectory tracking)is designed.In sunny weather,photoelectric tracking is the main method,and in cloudy or dark weather,solar trajectory tracking is used as a supplement,alternating with each other to ensure that the battery panel can receive maximum sunlight under any meteorological conditions and operate safely and stably.The designed solar trajectory tracking system uses the horizontal coordinate as the reference system,and constructs the algorithm for tracking solar elevation angle and azimuth angle.According to experimental comparison,both altitude angle tracking error and azimuth angle tracking error can reach below 1.7°.In order to improve the accuracy of the rotation speed and position of the servo motor,the working principle of the servo driver was explained and the PID control method was introduced.A control model for both was established,and the angle of the servo motor was corrected and effectively regulated to reduce the impact of hardware errors on the tracking accuracy of the system.A photosensitive plate is designed for the photoelectric tracking mode,utilizing the principle of light producing shadows when obstructed by objects.Compared to other designs,the photosensitive plate can improve the light sensitivity of the tracking system,improve the tracking response speed and accuracy of the system,and make the tracking performance more superior.Due to wired transmission,it will increase the difficulty of building a solar tracking system and also increase the cost of later maintenance.In order to solve the above problems,the system has added remote wireless control function,which connects the microcontroller with the upper computer through two wireless serial port modules to establish wireless communication.A monitoring and control software for the upper computer has been developed based on the Qt platform,which can achieve control tracking mode conversion,control the direction of the servo,display time,servo angle,and rainwater alarm information.At the same time,the system has added a rainwater sensing function,which can temporarily shut down when the external environment is rainy weather to protect the system.Based on the above functional design,the system uses an Arduino microcontroller as the main controller,and the tracking system program is written through the Arduino IDE platform(including the photoelectric tracking subsystem,solar trajectory tracking subsystem,wireless remote control subsystem,and rainwater sensing subsystem)to achieve the above functions while fully tracking the position of the sun.A tracking control system experimental platform was built,and after relevant experiments,experimental data of the solar tracking system was obtained.After comparison,it was found that after installing the tracking system,the power generated by the battery panel was 26.35% higher than that in the fixed due south direction and100.05% higher than that in the fixed due east direction.The tracking system can stably improve the power generation of the battery,and it is expected to have good prospects for promotion and application in the future. |
