Design And Research Of Solar Biaxial Automatic Tracking System

Under the international situation of increasing lack of energy and depleting non-renewable resource, the development of the renewable energy should be high imperatively promoted. As clean, widespread and reserve infinity energy, solar energy has been becoming a hot topic that countries in the world make their efforts to explore and develop. However, there are some flaws as low-density and instability which limit the development and application of solar energy. Solar tracking system is an indispensable part of the efficient use of solar energy resources. Research confirmed that, when weather is good and other conditions are the same, compared with solar panels installed by fixed direction facing noon sun, the panels equipping biaxial automatic tracking system can improve electricity production by more than 30%. The application of biaxial automatic tracking system increases the utilization of sunshine and improves the generating efficiency.Based on the simple and efficient ideas, a solar biaxial automatic tracking control system, using STM32F103R8T6 single-chip and combining half blocking four quadrant photoelectric detection method with clock control tracking method, is designed in this paper. It is set that the system detects the weather condition and judge the tracking mode every four minutes. When in adequate light conditions, the tracking system chooses photoelectric tracking method, then calculates the changes of current caused by shadow and determines the position of the sun to realize automatic tracking the orbit of the sun. When in insufficient sunshine conditions, the clock control tracking method which decreases calculations and reduces power loss is used, and the stepping motor is controlled rotating by a set method to make the panels approximately point at the sun. When meeting the 8 or above gale, the tracking system keeps waiting until the wind speed drop to a safe range. The searching range of the photoelectric detector designed in this paper is so large that it would not lose the target after the interruptions. In the system, the installation accuracy of the solar panels is not high demanded, even if the two axis of the solar panels did not do the exact vertical or horizontal placement, the sun can be precisely tracked. The system does not need to maintain or re-install when the geological conditions slightly changed. In order to realize remote management, the signals of the battery parameter acquisition module are converted by A/D in the single-chip and transmitted via USART serial communication.After general system design about monolithic construction and software workflow completed in this paper, the core control chip is selected. In accordance with the design requirements and the component interface types, the distributions of Pins are decided. The circuit is divided into many functional modules, and then the selection, working principle and circuit wiring of the components are analyzed, and the relevant software designs are completed.Experiments confirmed that the scheme of the solar biaxial tracking control system is feasible and effective. The advantages of the scheme are: rapid tracking, high accuracy, good anti-interference, reliability and low cost of equipment. At the same time, it also puts forward some insufficient areas to be improved.