Research On Driving Safety Influencing Factors For Different Groups

Road traffic system is a complex dynamic coupled system,the driver,the vehicle,the road and the natural environment are its organic components,the factors affecting driving safety mainly from these four aspects.The frequent occurrence of traffic accidents has attracted the attention of society and scholars,and studies have either analyzed the causes and attribution of safety accidents from a causative perspective,or focused on a certain factor to study the effects of distracted driving,driving experience,and driving style characteristics on driving safety behavior.Most of the current research focuses on driving safety studies in large cities or under experimental conditions,while county cities,as a typical constituent of a large geographic area of China,have received less scholarly attention to driving safety issues and lack research on strong road users such as cab drivers.Therefore,this paper takes a typical county-level city in the north as the research object,focuses on cab drivers to carry out research on driving safety influence factors,and conducts comparative analysis with ordinary private car drivers for different populations,and also explores propositions such as the relationship between safety awareness and safety performance,and the difference between subjective perception and actual occurrence.Main research work:(1)Firstly,based on the framework of Driver-Vehicle-RoadEnvironment(DVRE)system,the influencing factors were sorted out,and the driving safety influencing factors index system was constructed through literature research,and then the indicators were deleted,merged and modified through expert interviews to form the driving safety influencing factors index system.The questionnaire was designed from two dimensions:the degree and frequency of influence of each indicator on driving safety,and a total of 107 cab drivers were sampled from 53% of a county-level city,as well as 120 ordinary drivers were randomly sampled for the questionnaire survey.(2)Based on the risk matrix method for rating driving safety impact indicators,corresponding to get each indicator score.And using hierarchical analysis and principal component analysis method to calculate the index weights respectively,the final weight of each index is calculated comprehensively.(3)To explore the correlation between driving safety awareness and performance.Relevant studies on safety awareness and safety performance were summarized,the dimensions of safety awareness and safety performance research in the field of driving safety were sorted out,the scale was adapted,and questionnaires were conducted for both groups of people.Descriptive and correlation analyses were used to study the correlation between safety awareness and safety performance.(4)Finally,based on actual traffic accident data from the accident section of a county-level city traffic control department,accident causation analysis was conducted based on pre-accident scenarios,and four factors of driver,vehicle,road and environment were calibrated to obtain the actual accident causation ratios of the four factors and to compare and analyze the subjective perceived safety results with those of the two types of people.Main findings:(1)The driving safety impact factor index system was obtained,including4 primary indicators and 17 secondary indicators.(2)The weights of driving safety impact factor indicators were calculated for cab drivers,and the ranking of four primary indicators on driving safety was obtained as driver factor,environmental factor,road factor,and vehicle factor,in that order;among the 17 secondary indicators,the five items that cab drivers considered to have the greatest impact were distraction,driving ability and driving experience,other road users,resilience,and weather conditions.It is concluded that there is a positive correlation between safety awareness and safety performance of cab drivers.(3)Comparative analysis with the average driver in each study yielded that the ranking of the four primary indicators on driving safety was the same as that perceived by the cab,and there were differences in the perception of the secondary indicators.The five items that the average driver perceived as having the greatest degree of influence were strain,distraction,driving ability and experience,weather conditions,and fatigue.The correlation analysis between safety awareness and safety performance also yielded a positive correlation,but taxi drivers had higher levels of safety knowledge and mental state and lower safety compliance performance than the average driver.(4)By analyzing the main causes of actual accidents,it is concluded that drivers,environment,road and vehicle factors account for 54.8%,20.9%,18.0% and 6.3% of accidents.The comparative analysis with the subjective perceived safety of drivers shows that the weight of subjective perceived safety of drivers is consistent with the proportion of actual accident causes of each factor,and the driver factor is the largest influencing factor.The weight of driver and road factors perceived by cab drivers is lower than the proportion of actual accident causes,while the weight of environment and vehicle factors is higher than the proportion of actual accident causes,and the difference between perception and reality is larger than that of ordinary drivers,especially in the perception of environmental factors.Taxi drivers overestimate their driving skills and think that slowing down at special intersections has little impact on driving safety.However,in actual driving,the probability of accidents at special intersections is close to 50%.Cabs,as a strong road use group,are often the subject of driving safety incidents in the county’s complex mixed traffic environment.The results obtained from this study on cab drivers’ awareness of factors influencing driving safety and the relationship between safety awareness and performance can be applied to safety training for full-time drivers to improve their safety awareness and responsibility,and thus reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.Other research results can also help managers and individuals to improve driving safety awareness and knowledge,and serve the management and enhancement of traffic safety in counties.The theoretical framework of driving safety influencing factors established in the study and the scenario analysis method of accident causation used in the study also have some theoretical implications for driving safety research.