Research On Energy-efficient Optimization Design Of Nearly Zero Energy Consumption Residential Areas Based On The Influence Of Solar Radiation

As the environmental problems become more and more serious,building energy saving and renewable energy use have become the urgent problems in the construction industry.Urban residential buildings account for 1/4 of the overall energy consumption of the construction industry,and are an important target for building energy efficiency.Under the current development trend of building energy-saving technology in China,near-zero energy buildings are the main means of energy-saving buildings in the future period,and near-zero energy buildings have superior performance in passive use of solar energy due to their excellent performance of building monoliths.However,there are no regulations for near-zero energy buildings in the current residential planning codes,resulting in the inability of near-zero energy building settlements to fully display their excellent architectural performance in planning and design.By summarizing the relevant literature and practical applications at home and abroad,it is found that the relationship between the planning parameters and the overall performance of settlements is still unclear,which lays the foundation for the research of this thesis.To address the shortcomings in the planning and design of nearzero-energy building settlements,the article takes the Jinan city settlements in the cold region as the basis of the study,and makes up for the insufficient sample of near-zeroenergy settlements by collecting data from the basic settlements in Jinan city and simulating them.By integrating the spatial data of the settlement samples,the typical spatial morphological parameters of the settlements are extracted.Based on the obtained spatial parameters,we creatively integrate the quantitative research method of building performance with the spatial study of settlements,and take the existing settlements in Jinan City as an example to study the pattern of settlement performance and spatial morphological parameters,and provide corresponding design strategies for new near-zero energy building settlements in terms of improving solar energy utilization efficiency and settlement energy saving.The main research work of this thesis is as follows.In the first part,based on the investigation and research on the geometric characteristics of living space,code standards and settlement planning and design theories,the parameters of settlements are divided into two categories: site property parameters and spatial morphological parameters,and three site property parameters and 21 spatial morphological parameters are further extracted.Based on the theories and objectives of building energy saving and solar resource utilization,the overall energy consumption of the settlement,the average radiation receiving intensity of the building and the solar radiation receiving potential of the settlement are established as the three indicators for settlement performance evaluation.In the second part,a total of 1885 residential areas in Jinan were collected and integrated through web data crawling and offline fieldwork,and the morphological parameters were extracted through spatial modeling to establish a sample set of spatial morphological parameters of Jinan residential areas.In order to avoid the interference of different sites on the relationship between spatial morphology and settlement performance,K-means clustering analysis was performed on the site attribute parameters to obtain four types of settlement site types.Through the distribution characteristics of spatial morphological parameters under each type,300 settlement samples are selected for solar radiation and simulation after data processing and cleaning.In the third part,four types of topographic sites were completed with performance simulation,and the buildings were obtained based on 4 types of site types,in which the relationship between spatial morphological parameters and settlement performance was initially analyzed,and it was found that the difference between spatial morphology and settlement performance in different site types could not be generalized.Through correlation matrix analysis,site type B is excluded,and the remaining three site types are used as a sample set for the analysis of spatial form and settlement performance.In the fourth part,the integrated data of spatial morphology parameters within the three types of sites A,C and D were further fitted and analyzed by osl linear regression to explore the covariate covariance problem among them,and lasso regression was selected for fitting analysis through validation.It is found that there is an obvious linear relationship between spatial morphology and settlement performance,in which the average radiation reception intensity of buildings shows a significant positive correlation with the overall energy consumption of settlements,while the solar radiation reception potential of settlements,has a lower degree of influence on the overall energy consumption of settlements,providing a theoretical basis for the optimization of solar energy utilization and building energy efficiency in settlements.This model can be used to measure the performance of near-zero-energy settlements during the initial design.In the fifth part,the multi-objective optimization is carried out with three indicators: overall energy consumption of the settlement,average radiation receiving intensity of the building and solar radiation receiving potential of the settlement,and the optimized Pareto solution set presents three types of cases,in which the overall energy consumption of the settlement and the solar radiation receiving potential of the settlement decrease as the average radiation receiving intensity of the building increases.By weighting the spatial morphological parameters,it is found that the building height variance has minimal influence on all the settlement performance indicators,while the indicators affecting the overall building development intensity within the site,such as floor area ratio,number of buildings,and building surface area/site area,account for most of the influence weights.By taking the values of each spatial morphological parameter distribution within the three types of Pareto solutions,the spatial parameters are divided into four aspects: settlement spatial height index,settlement density index,settlement building shape index,and settlement layout index to propose design suggestions for near-zero energy settlement.