Research On The Characteristics Of Spatial And Historical Evolution Of Jinhua Traditional Village Cultural Landscape Based On Cultural Geography

Jinhua is located in the central part of Zhejiang Province in East China and is known as the "heart of Zhejiang".It is known as "a state of history and culture,a place where celebrities gather,a city where education is greatly emphasized,and a town with picturesque scenery".The traditional village resources are rich in Jinhua,with high value and great significance in the research of the local natural resources,cultural heritages,regional characteristics,and the like.This thesis takes the Jinhua region as the research scope and takes traditional villages,included in the Traditional Chinese Villages and the Famous Chinese Historical and Cultural Villages as well as the Historical and Cultural(Traditional)Villages in Zhejiang Province,as the research objects.Through in-depth research and data analysis,24 traditional villages are selected as the key research samples.The cultural landscape of traditional villages is a complex of natural and cultural characteristics of traditional villages under historical evolution,which comprehensively reflects the geographical environmental and cultural characteristics of traditional villages.Focusing on the traditional village cultural landscape,this thesis leverages the landscape gene method,regional scale transformation method and Arc GIS geographic information system in the field of cultural geography as research methods and tools.And this thesis focuses on the four dimensions of theory,space,time and demonstration,to reveal the spatial,historical evolution characteristics,evolution rules,driving factors and driving mechanisms of cultural landscape.Finally,based on the research foundation of this thesis,a targeted collaborative and sustainable strategy for the cultural landscape of traditional villages in Jinhua is proposed,and corresponding strategies are developed with Zhaxi Village in Pan’an County as a case study,so as to provide ideas and references for the clustered protection and utilization of traditional village cultural landscapes.This thesis lays emphasis on the TVCL of Jinhua,takes 24 traditional villages as samples,makes the landscape genetics and regional scaling shifting and Arc GIS(a geographical information system)major researching methods and tools.This article will illuminate the space-time features of the research objects as well as their evolving rules and driving mechanism,in terms of theory,space,time and authentic proof.This thesis will utilize the Arc GIS to produce the spatial distribution map involving cultural landscape factors and make use of the regional scaling and shifting method to divide regions with diverse cultural landscape factors,so as to distinguish the spatial features of cultural landscape.According to some document resources and map analysis,the TVCL of Jinhua is believed to possess the spatial features of “siyuan”(four reasons),which means the geographical reason(aggregation according to geography),folk reason(orientation to life),architecture reason(orientation to patriarchal system)and literal reason(combination of refinement and popularity).From the perspective of time,the evolution of the TVCL of Jinhua can be firstly divided into six periods: the budding stage(at the beginning of the Song Dynasty),the developing stage(during the Northern and Southern Song dynasties),the maintaining stage(during the Yuan Dynasty),the thriving stage(during the Ming Dynasty),the integrating stage(during the Qing Dynasty)and the transition stage(from the Republic China till today);besides,the thesis will discuss about the feature changes of respective village cultural landscape factors in different stages.According to the research,some significant discoveries are found out: At the beginning of the Song Dynasty,the village cultural landscape concentrated on plains;During the Northern and Southern Song dynasties the village cultural landscape featured “distinct differences between aggregations on plains and in mountains”,and the popular culture gained marked development at this period;During the Yuan Dynasty,the village cultural landscape possessed the characteristic of “aggregation in mountains and basins”,the architectural style resembled that of the former dynasty,and the cultural development was slowing down;During the Ming Dynasty,traditional villages became far more resilient to environments,the commercial function more pronounced in a gradual way,the architectural formation got magnificent and studied and cultural creativity gained tremendous growth;During the Qing Dynasty,the number of newly built houses were relatively small,but owing to the development of clan orthodoxy,family architectures made great progress and meanwhile the architectural decorations became still elaborate and sophisticated;so the metaphor connotation of cultural landscape was developed as well;Since the Republic China till now,due to great vicissitudes,expanded village scale,more diverse styles,springing up of foreign-styled buildings and run-down ancient architectures,traditional cultural inheritance is confronting hiatus and dying-out.In terms of evolution characteristics,the evolution rules can be concluded from the four aspects of natural environment,village forms,architectural features and social culture.Of these,on the part of the natural environment,the rule of geographical selection changed from being monotonous and passive to being complicated and adaptable;village forms gradually turned from being scatteringly dotted to developing in clusters in an integrating method;the rule of architectural features changes from being natural and plain to being complicated and luxurious;on the part of social culture,the evolution rule changes from geminating locally to drawing on others.Eventually,the author will conclude four driving factors(nature,history,manufacturing and literary inheritance),and will deeply explore the hidden driving mechanism of evolution from the perspectives of “space,human beings,functions and things”.The four aspects can be briefly described as: space — — the harmonious coexistence of man and nature,people——the selectively mutual promotion of sense and sensibility,function——the integration of functions and decorations,and things——the collision and absorbing of local and foreign things.The fifth chapter of this thesis,on the basis of the research of the space-time features of the TVCL of Jinhua,will put forward the development strategy of“coordination and continuation”.To start with,it will “refresh the knowledge” about the TVCL of Jinhua and define the meaning of coordination and continuation of the cultural landscape from the perspectives of “material form” and “nonmaterial form” as well as“synchronicity” and “diachrony”.Additionally,it will focus on the coordinated and continuing roadmap according to the four sorts of “cultural landscape”,put forward the“foundation——protection of natural basis”,“support——the formation of villages”,“key——industrial incentivizing and restructuring” and “core——dynamic cultural inheritance”.Thirdly,it will follow the guidance of the roadmap and,in terms of the four aspects of “space,human beings,functions and things”,formulate the concrete strategy of the coordination and continuation of cultural landscape which mainly involves ecology,village environments,industries and culture.In the end,it will put forward corresponding continuing strategy of cultural landscape by virtue of illuminating the cultural landscape of Juxi Village,a village of Jinhua.