| The West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace is located at the southern foot of Gushan Mountain in the West Lake Scenic Area.It was built for the imperial palace of the Qing Dynasty emperors during their southern tour of Hangzhou.The West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace witnessed the important history of the revival of the West Lake in the 18 th century due to the southern tour of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong.It is one of the representative historical sites of major historical events in the West Lake Cultural Landscape,and also an important case of the integration of official architecture in the Qing Dynasty and classical gardens in the south of the Yangtze River.The overall layout of the palace adopts a front hall and back garden layout.The garden area is located in the southern foothills of the Gushan Mountain in the northern part of the palace area.Due to the planning and construction of the Gushan Mountain terrain,it is a typical example of natural mountain garden construction in Hangzhou,with high historical,cultural,and artistic value.Unfortunately,during the Xianfeng period of the late Qing Dynasty,due to the destruction caused by war,it was not possible to rebuild,and only the ruins remain.This article comprehensively utilizes methods such as literature research,image research,on-site investigation,and analogical research to study the restoration design of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace garden during the Qianlong period,reproduce its peak appearance,and better protect and inherit the West Lake Palace garden heritage,traditional gardening ideas,and garden culture.The research content and results mainly include the following aspects.(1)The evolution process of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace Garden in the Qing Dynasty from a royal private garden to a public garden was summarized.The garden was initially created during the Kangxi period,and later underwent several additions and renovations during the Yongzheng period,and developed to its peak during the Qianlong period.After the disappearance of its function as a royal private garden,palace garden gradually declined and were later designated as parks in the late Qing Dynasty.Since then,its function as a public garden has continued,and now the site has basically maintained the pattern of the Qianlong heyday.(2)We have collected and researched historical data on the Qing Dynasty West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace Garden: a total of 6 volumes of relevant historical documents including the archives of the Southern Expedition to the Qing Dynasty,the local chronicles of Hangzhou during the Qing Dynasty,the Qing Dynasty West Lake monographs,and the Qianlong imperial poems,as well as 40 imperial poems.We have also collected 12 image materials including pattern prints,Qing Dynasty paintings,modern maps,and old photos,and conducted mutual verification and correlation between images,Conduct textual research and analysis on conflicting parts in the literature.(3)Completed the collection of three-dimensional spatial information and spatial feature analysis of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace garden: Using a three-dimensional laser scanner FARO Focus S70,the original point cloud collected was processed using SCENE software to obtain a colored three-dimensional point cloud model,model overview map,point cloud image,etc.,thus obtaining detailed three-dimensional spatial data and information of the garden site.Based on the collected three-dimensional information of the site,interpret the spatial characteristics of the garden.During the planning of the West Lake Palace Garden,a four story terrace was created based on the mountain terrain.Due to the terrain limitations of the terrace,it is mostly a narrow open space in the east-west direction.The scenery is arranged in the form of courtyards,separated by courtyard walls,to meet the needs of different activities such as theater performances and sightseeing.(4)Completed the complete restoration of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace Garden during the Qianlong period: Based on the collected spatial information and historical data of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace Garden Site,and referring to the surrounding gardens and similar architectural relics of Hangzhou West Lake in the Qing Dynasty,the Qianlong period,which was the peak period of garden construction,was selected as the restoration period to fully restore the appearance of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace Garden.In terms of architecture,the derivation of the form and size of individual buildings is mainly based on the common practice of creating scenic buildings in the southern region of the Qing Dynasty and the example of Hangzhou gardens in the Qing Dynasty;In terms of landscape,restoration is carried out based on image data and ruins,and with reference to traditional garden techniques in Hangzhou.(5)Analyzed the gardening techniques of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace garden during the Qianlong period: based on the restoration results and combined with the theory of Chinese classical garden art,summarized into three aspects: landscaping,borrowing scenery,and cultural connotations.In terms of landscape design,Duoshan adopts a combination of stacking mountains and placing stones,and solves traffic problems between different levels by using mountain and stone climbing paths;The natural water pool is used for water management,with a low cut pool and a bridge built on top of the pool;Bamboo,plum,pine,cypress,osmanthus,magnolia and other plants are selected as the flowers and trees,and the small courtyard is designed with plants as the theme to create a unique plant landscape;The building includes types such as pavilions,terraces,towers,pavilions,halls,and corridors,with staggered heights placed on each floor of the terrace to create a contrasting landscape.The layout of the courtyards adopts horizontal parallelism to increase the depth of the courtyards.The scenic spots at the ridge are arranged in a linear manner to form a strip space to enhance visual guidance.In terms of landscape borrowing,the cultural connotation of the venue is fully utilized through the forms of landscape borrowing,temporal changes,celestial phenomena,moonlight,and floral fragrance.In terms of cultural connotation,it reflects that the creation of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace garden is influenced by various factors such as Qianlong’s own artistic aesthetic pursuit,literati’s garden lifestyle,and Buddhist spiritual culture. |
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