A Study Of The Architectural Design Of The Winter Palace And The Summer Palace During 1862～1908 In China

It is the first thesis which focus on architectural design during the reign of EmperorTongzhi (1862~1874), Guangxu (1875~1908) (and Xuantong (1909~1911)) of the twobasically whole preserved imperial gardens, Xi Yuan (the Winter Palace) and Yi HeYuan (the (New) Summer Palace, formerly called Qing Yi Yuan before 1888), of theQing Dynasty, mainly based on the full and systematic sorting out of the architecturalcollections of Yang Shi Lei, the most famous imperial architects' family in the QingDynasty. It respectively makes the history of projects and the items of buildings as thelongitude and the woof, carefully particularizes all the previous engineering of the twogardens during the late Qing Dynasty, anatomizes the designing process and methods ofthe important building items with Yang Shi Lei archives and relative literatures,specially studies the engineering costs of all the previous engineering of the two gardens,the managing system of imperial works of the Qing Dynasty, the architectural designingprocess and methods of imperial buildings of the Qing Dynasty, the graphicachievements of Yang Shi Lei collections, the artistic and technical problems ofimperial gardens of the late Qing Dynasty. It puts forward many new opinions, makesup parts of imperfections of previous studies, and clarifies some misunderstandings.