| Euscaphis konishii Hayata is a unique and excellent rare tree species in China.It has both ornamental and medicinal value.Its market potential is great.The annual growth pattern of leaf and fruit of Euscaphis konishii Hayata was studied,and the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization on its physiological characteristics,yield and the content of main medicinal ingredients were studied.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the artificial cultivation of Euscaphis konishii Hayata,especially for the fertilization management in the cultivation of medicinal forests.The results were as follows:(1)Dynamic of Euscaphis konishii Hayata leaf development:Euscaphis konishii Hayata leaf from March to May was a period of rapid growth,from June to December for the slow growth period.The content of total leaf total flavonoids and total three terpenes increased in different harvest months,and the content reached the highest in November and then decreased.(2)Dynamic of Euscaphis konishii Hayata fruit development:Fruit began to develop from early June to mid November,10 at the end of the end of the beginning of development,which lasted about 150 days,the dynamic growth curve showed "S" type.Euscaphis konishii Hayata fruit turned red with M(magenta)and Y(yellow)values are closely related and Seed maturity is closely related to the value of C(blue)and K(black).(3)Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium had significant effects on total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in leaves.:The nitrogen content in leaves of N1P2K1 is the highest.N2 fertilization level is more conducive to the accumulation of nitrogen.The highest phosphorus content of N1P2K1 leaves is treated.P2 fertilization level is more conducive to phosphorus accumulation.The highest potassium content of N1P2K1 leaves is treated,and K1 fertilization level is more conducive to potassium accumulation.It indicated that the ratio of N,P and K to leaf nutrient accumulation was N1P2K1.(4)Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium had significant effects on Physiological Indexes of leaves:The effects of different fertilization on chlorophyll,soluble sugar and soluble protein were significant;N2P2K1 was most advantageous to chlorophyll synthesis,Its content is 2.11 times times the N0P0K0,nitrogen fertilizer has the most effect on chlorophyll;N2P2K1 is the most beneficial to soluble protein accumulation,its content is 1.95 times times of N0P0K0;nitrogenous fertilizer has the most effect on soluble protein,N2P2K2 is most advantageous to soluble sugar accumulation,its content is 2.83times of N0POK0,and phosphate has the most influence on soluble sugar.(5)Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium had significant effects on leaf enzyme activities:Different proportion fertilization has the remarkable influence to the leaf enzyme activity.The content of MDA in N2P2K2 was the lowest,which was 0.67 times that of N0P0K0;the POD activity of N2P2K2 was the highest,which was 1.68 times of N0P0K0;the CAT activity of N2P2K]was the highest,which was 1.84 times of N0P0K0;the SOD activity of N2P2K2was the highest,which was 1.62 times of N0P0K0.It indicated that reasonable nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were beneficial to plant resistance.(6)Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the medicinal components of leaves:Through to nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were three factors and total flavonoids and total terpene content of three regression analysis shows that when the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 0.0097kg/strain,0.4129kg/strain and 0.1427kg/strain,the maximum total flavonoids content was 19.91mg/g,when nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer respectively.For 0.0770kg/strain,0.4109kg/strain,0.1106Kg/strain,the maximum total triterpenoids content was 41.55mg/g.The best medicinal ingredients of N2P2K2 were treated as the best treatment.(7)Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium had significant effects on fruit morphological indexes:the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium three factors respectively and fruit diameter,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit side diameter,fruit weight,fruit yield regression analysis shows that when the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 0.0770kg/strain and 0.1409kg/strain,0.1106kg/strain the largest,fruit diameter is 6.95mm,Treatment 11 fruit diameter maximum;when nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 0.0945kg/strain,0.1494kg/strain and 0.1203kg/strain,the maximum longitudinal diameter of fruit 13.87mm,Treatment 11 fruit diameter maximum;when nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 0.1481kg/strain,0.2049kg/strain and 0.1443kg/strain,the maximum fruit side diameter is 7.94mm,.N2P2K2 fruit side diameter wan max。(8)The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on fruit weight and fruit yield were significant:when nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization were 0.1691kg/strain,0.2875kg/strain and 0.0952kg/strain,the maximum fruit weight was 0.286g;when nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization were 0.1685kg/strain,0.2766kg/strain,0.1OOOkg/strain,the largest fruit yield of 3.14kg/strain,N3P2K2 was the optimal treatment.(9)Fertilization with different ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium had significant effects on the medicinal ingredients of pericarp:The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium are three factors respectively with different isobiflorin,biflorin,regression analysis:N,K,P when the amount of fertilizer were 0.1666kg/train,0.3480kg/strain,0.1868kg/strain,the maximum isobiflorin content was 8.34mg/g;N,K,P fertilizer were 0.1761kg/strain,0.1921kg/strain,0.1752kg/strain,the maximum content of biflorin was 5.41mg/g.The best medicinal ingredients of N2P2K2 peel were treated as the best treatment.(10)Through principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation,showed that the best optimal fertilization was treatment 6(N2P2K2),the comprehensive performance of the circular tooth index Euscaphis konishii Hayata best in the fertilization formula.In summary,reasonable nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization can promote the healthy growth of Euscaphis konishii Hayata,increase the stress resistance of plants,and effectively improve the yield and quality of leaves and fruits. |
