Study On Euscaphis Konishii Hayata Seedlings Of Fertilization And Response Of Waterlogging

Euscaphis konishii Hayata is our country uniquee and ornamental medicinal species,which has the very high ornamental value and medicinal value,resistant to lowtemperature,high temperature and drought,but vulnerable to water damage hazards.It is extremely sensitive for seedlings in the stage of their growth,have a bit inadvertent,which cause serious phenomenon of dead plants.Research shows that reasonable fertilization tending help improve the resistant ability,survival rate and strong seedling rate.In fertilization tending part,this test choose annual E.Konishii seedlings as test materials,using the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium propotional feitilization experiment formula fertilization to research the growth and physiological characteristics,and used principal component analysis and subordinative function to select the optimal fertilization formula,the optimal fertilization formula under E.Konishii seedlings and unfertilized seedlings as experimental material to research the different degrees of water stress on fertilized and unfertilized group on external form,antioxidant system,photosynthesis and the influence of cells on the internal structure,and comparative analysis of fertilized and unfertilized group in different degree water stress resistance.The results of the paper were as follows:1.The effects of feitilization on growth of E.Konishii seedlings:The influence of potash fertilizer on the diameter,leaf number and biomass effect was the largest,treatment 1(N1P1K1)of diameter was the best,up to 0.75 mm,increasing 240.9%of the control,treatment 9(N3P3K1)of leaf number was the best,up to 17.33,increasing 196.93%of the control.The influence of phosphate fertilizer on seedling height was the largest,treatment 6(N2P2K1)of seedling height was the best,up to 21.80 cm,increasing 264.88%.The influence of nitrogen fertilizer on sprouting length was the largest,treatment 6(N2P2K1)of sprouting length was the best,up to 14.33 cm,increasing 226.38%of the control.2.The effects of feitilization on physiology of E.Konishii seedlings:Phosphate fertilizer had the greatest influence on the content of soluble sugar and chlorophyll,treatment 5(N2P2K1)was the most conducive to the accumulation of soluble sugar,which was 1.05 times of the contrast,treatment 3(N1P3K3)was the most favorable for the formation of chlorophyll,which was 1.71 times of the contrast.Potash fertilizer had the greatest influence on the accumulation of soluble protein,treatment 1(N1P1K1)was the most conducive to the accumulation of soluble protein,which was 1.8 times of the contrast.Nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest influence on MDA,CAT,POD,SOD,MDA content of treatment 9(N3P3K1)was the lowest,which was 0.47 times of control,treatment 3(N1P3K3)had the highest CAT and POD activity,which were 1.02 times and 1.27 times of the contrast,treatment 4(N2P1K3)had the highest activity of SOD,which was 1.01 times of the contrast.3.The best fertilization formula of E.Konishii seedlings:Principal component analysis and subordinative function results showed that the best optimal combination was treatment 1(N1P1K1),under the ratio of fertilizer processing of E.Konishii seedlings whose integrated advantage was obvious.4.The apparent response of E.Konishii seedlings in water stress:Under the severe water,fertilizing less non-fertilizing group came first drooping leaf,stems pendulous,deeper leaf color phenomenon,this was because the root system could not absorb nutrient fertilizer group under the severe water condition and damaged to the plant,which led to excessive nitrogen,dark green leaf;Under moderate water stress,fertilizing less non-fertilizing group appear waterlogging situation,this was because the roots two-thirds in the water,which worsen seedling damage of adversity stress degree and unfavorable nutrient environment.Under light water stress,two groups of waterlogging symptoms were later than severe and moderate,fertilizing group was later than non-fertilizing,it meaned that under the condition of oxygen and nutrients suitable,fertilizing seedlings were more likely to resist mild waterlogged.5.The anti-oxidation enzyme system response of E.Konishiiseedlings in water stress:Fertilizing group of E.Konishii seedlings under severe waterlogging,whose content of MDA increased firstly and then decreased,but non-fertilizing group continued to decline,MDA content of fertilizing group was 15.03%higher than non-fertilizing,it meaned that they could not supplement the N,P,K elements to ease metabolic state,it increased the accumulation of toxic substances.Two groups of POD activity rapid declined first,then slowly recovered,but were always lower than the control,they were 59.03%and 54.35%lower than the control,it meaned their POD activity of water stress condition was very low whatever fertilization or not,they could not remove H2O2,harmful substances in the body mainly depended on the CAT and SOD.Under moderate waterlogging,MDA content rised first and falled later than rised again slowly,non-fertilizing falled slowly than rised again,the CAT activity of fertilizing group first increased and then decreased,non-fertilizing group continued to decline,CAT content of fertilizing group was 18.3%higher than non-fertilizing,POD content of two groups were 62.86%and 48.24%lower than the control,,and their change trend consistent with severe flooding,SOD content of fertilizing group was 3.68%higher than the control,but non-fertilizing was 16.64%lower than the control,they all first increased and then dropped,which showed that the fertilization measures still damaged E.Konishii seedlings when their two-thirds roots in hypoxia environment.Under mild waterlogging,POD downed first then uped and was 48%higher than the control,change trend of non-fertilizing group consistented with fertilizing,whose POD content was 65.11%lower than control,but POD content of fertilizing was 65.12%higher than control,which showed that applying the best formula of seedlings could induce POD activity in the late stress,it breaked low POD activity characteristics itselves,significantly reduced the water damage.SOD contents of fertilizing group first increased then decreased and increased,non-fertilizing groups continued to decline,SOD content of fertilizing group was 65.12%higher than non-fertilizing,which indicated that the application of NPK nutrients of E.Konishii seedlings could strengthen the expression of SOD.CAT content of fertilizing group was 14.02%higher than non-fertilizing,its trend was first rises then falls,which showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes could be induced better to withstand waterlogged damage when root tips in a state of hypoxia.6.The photosynthetic physiological response of E.Konishii seedlings in water stress:Under the severe waterlogging,seedlings reduced moisture loss only by transpiration and stomatal closure due to unable to absorb the water via roots conveying,which led to decrease of the stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and substrate of photosynthetic enzymes caused net photosynthetic rate depressing.Net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of fertilizing group were 5.46%、1.02%and 36.95%higher than non-fertilizing accompanied declining trends,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration of fertilizing group were 5.23%and 2.6%lower than non-fertilizing.Under moderate waterlogging,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration of fertilizing group were 2.67%、13.4%and 2.9%higher than non-fertilizing,stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content were 9.46%and 10.43%lower than non-fertilizing.Under mild waterlogging,fertilizing group net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,intercellular CO2 concentration and chlorophyll of fertilizing group were 8.97%、5.26%、1.24%、3.95%and 29.63%higher than non-fertilizing,which indicated that it was not obvious to improve photosynthesis for E.Konishii seedlings under the severe and moderate waterlogging through fertilization practice,but had significant effects on seedlings under mild waterlogging,and found that stomatal factors played a leading role during stress on account of photosynthetic rate decreased.7.The leaf and root cells structure changes of E.Konishii seedlings in water stress:root respiration was suppressed under water stress,blocking duct transport moisture and nutrients to other organs of the plant,which influenced transpiration and photosynthesis of leaves resulting in changes of leaf cells and root structure.Under severe stress,leaf epidermis cell shrinkaged,a large number of thin cell layers of fertilizing group cracked and its degree was higher than non-fertilizing,palisade tissue arranged denselyl and irregularly whose stress level was less than non-fertilizing group,gas cavity and porosity were fewer and smaller than fertilizing group.The root of epidermal cells and parenchyma cells cracked seriously and their degree were greater than non-fertilizing group,cortical cells and central cells in separation period were earlier than non-fertilizing.Under moderate stress,fertilizing group air cavity became small and dense,spongy tissue became bigger,gas cavity became more,the root parenchyma cells expanded deformation,air cavity became more,no fertilization corneum and the upper epidermal cells appeared cracked,thin root cortex cells became cracked which formes many irregular air cavity.Under mild stress,leaf epidermal cells of fertilizing group became bigger slightly,palisade tissue became thick,gas cavity became more and dense,root parenchyma cells began to expand deformation and formed a number of small and irregular air cavity,chamber size had no obvious change of non-fertilizing group,the root cortical cells appeared part cracked.Above all,suitable fertilization formula could promote the growth of E.Konishii seedlings;under severe and moderate water stress,they failed to ease the waterlogged damage by application of fertilizer even deepen degree of poison,but under light water stress,they could effectively improve the stress by application of fertilizer to enhance plant resistance and promote normal metabolism.